Monitoring of Electrophysiological Functions in Brain-on-a-Chip and Brain Organoids

IF 4 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Advanced Nanobiomed Research Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI:10.1002/anbr.202400052
Jiyoung Song, Hoon Eui Jeong, Andrew Choi, Hong Nam Kim
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Abstract

Though animal models are still the gold standard for fundamental biological studies and drug evaluation for brain diseases, concerns arise from an apparent lack of reflecting the human genetics and pathophysiology. Recently, human avatars such as brain-on-a-chip and brain organoids which are generated in a 3D manner using multiple types of human-originated cells have risen as alternative testing models. Particularly in monitoring the functional neuronal cells that express action potentials in brain-on-a-chip or brain organoids, various methods of measuring their electrophysiological function have been suggested for the study of brain-related disease. Recent methodologies for analyzing the electrophysiology of different types of cells in brain-on-a-chip and brain organoids are summarized in this review. We first emphasize the inherent features of brain-on-a-chip and brain organoids from the perspective of the cell culture environment and accessibility to cells in the deep layer. The applicable monitoring techniques are then overviewed based on these features. Finally, we discuss the unmet needs for electrophysiology monitoring in advanced human brain avatar models.

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监测脑芯片和脑器官组织的电生理功能
尽管动物模型仍是基础生物学研究和脑疾病药物评估的黄金标准,但由于其明显缺乏对人类遗传学和病理生理学的反映,人们对此表示担忧。最近,利用多种人类原代细胞以三维方式生成的人类化身(如脑芯片和脑器官)已成为替代测试模型。特别是在监测脑芯片或脑器官组织中表达动作电位的功能神经元细胞时,人们提出了各种测量其电生理功能的方法,用于研究与脑有关的疾病。本综述总结了最近分析脑芯片和脑器官组织中不同类型细胞电生理学的方法。我们首先从细胞培养环境和深层细胞可及性的角度强调了脑芯片和脑器官组织的固有特征。然后根据这些特点概述了适用的监测技术。最后,我们讨论了先进人脑化身模型中尚未满足的电生理学监测需求。
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来源期刊
Advanced Nanobiomed Research
Advanced Nanobiomed Research nanomedicine, bioengineering and biomaterials-
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
5.90%
发文量
87
审稿时长
21 weeks
期刊介绍: Advanced NanoBiomed Research will provide an Open Access home for cutting-edge nanomedicine, bioengineering and biomaterials research aimed at improving human health. The journal will capture a broad spectrum of research from increasingly multi- and interdisciplinary fields of the traditional areas of biomedicine, bioengineering and health-related materials science as well as precision and personalized medicine, drug delivery, and artificial intelligence-driven health science. The scope of Advanced NanoBiomed Research will cover the following key subject areas: ▪ Nanomedicine and nanotechnology, with applications in drug and gene delivery, diagnostics, theranostics, photothermal and photodynamic therapy and multimodal imaging. ▪ Biomaterials, including hydrogels, 2D materials, biopolymers, composites, biodegradable materials, biohybrids and biomimetics (such as artificial cells, exosomes and extracellular vesicles), as well as all organic and inorganic materials for biomedical applications. ▪ Biointerfaces, such as anti-microbial surfaces and coatings, as well as interfaces for cellular engineering, immunoengineering and 3D cell culture. ▪ Biofabrication including (bio)inks and technologies, towards generation of functional tissues and organs. ▪ Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, including scaffolds and scaffold-free approaches, for bone, ligament, muscle, skin, neural, cardiac tissue engineering and tissue vascularization. ▪ Devices for healthcare applications, disease modelling and treatment, such as diagnostics, lab-on-a-chip, organs-on-a-chip, bioMEMS, bioelectronics, wearables, actuators, soft robotics, and intelligent drug delivery systems. with a strong focus on applications of these fields, from bench-to-bedside, for treatment of all diseases and disorders, such as infectious, autoimmune, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, neurological disorders and cancer; including pharmacology and toxicology studies.
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