Geospatial Techniques for Mapping Madapur Micro-Watershed Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques

Abstract

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based land resource inventory (LRI) with high-resolution imagery is the most reliable tool for soil resource mapping. However, soil series-based mapping remains crucial for detailed soil studies in Madapur micro-watershed. A thorough geospatial analysis of land resources was conducted to support integrated land use planning efforts. This involves assessing various factors such as land cover, land use patterns, terrain features and soil characteristics. By adapting GIS and remote sensing data, soil maps were prepared for decision-making in land use planning initiatives, considering environmental sustainability, socio-economic factors and land resource availability. The research findings revealed the extent of soil erosion, gravel content, salinity levels, soil depth, soil pH and nutrient availability. In the moderately soil erosion category, the area covered 316 ha (65.67 %) followed by slightly erosion category covered 99 ha (20.56 %). Gravel content was prevalent, with 276 ha (57.39 %) falling into the gravelly category, while the remaining was non-gravelly. Salinity levels were low across the entire area with non saline. Soil depth in 278 ha (57.81%) area was very deep soil (>150 cm), while a significant portion 126 ha (26.16%) has moderately shallow depth (50-75 cm). The soil reaction is moderately alkaline, with 97.27 percent of the area showing this trait. Nitrogen deficiency is common, affecting 97.27 percent of the area with levels below 280 kg/ha. Phosphorus availability is moderate, ranging from 23 to 56 kg/ha. Potassium content is also moderate in 65.22% of the area, with levels between 140 and 330 kg/ha. Adequate levels of micronutrients like iron, copper and manganese were present, but zinc content was deficient. Despite soil limitations, a substantial portion (57.12%, 275 ha) is classified as good cultivable land with some soil limitations, suggesting potential for agricultural productivity with appropriate management practices.