Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84357
Manisha R, Sreedhar Chauhan, Mohan Das, Krishna Chaitanya A
An experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research station, Adilabad during Rabi-summer 2023-24 on “Influence of varieties and sowing dates on growth, yield attributes and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under delayed sowing”. The experimental design was strip plot with three replications. The treatments comprise five chickpea varieties (two are kabuli and three are desi) viz., NBeG-119, NBeG-810, NBeG-857, JG-14 and JAKI-9218 as horizontal factors and three sowing dates viz., December 1st week, December 3rd week and January 1st week as vertical factors. The results of the experiment indicated that JG-14 took more days to 50% flowering (43.2) and maturity (102.1), resulted in more pods plant-1 (50.8), higher 100 seed weight among desi varieties (25.2 g), greater seed yield (2564 kg ha-1), straw yield (5108 kg ha-1) on par with NBeG-857 (5213 kg ha-1), high harvest index (33.3%). Plant height and dry matter were higher for NBeG-810 (46.1 cm and 4036 kg ha-1 respectively) but was on par with JG-14 (42.5 cm) for plant height. Lower yield attributes and yield were recorded with NBeG-119 except test weight. Across sowing dates December 1st week obtained higher plant height (44.9 cm), dry matter (3817 kg ha-1), days to 50% flowering (44 days) and maturity (101.5 days), number of pods plant-1 (44.4), seed yield (2234 kg ha-1), straw yield (4463 kg ha-1) and harvest index (33.2%) and was on par with December 3rd week. January 1st week recorded low growth and yield parameters but was on par with December 3rd week. Seeds pod-1 was not significant for different varieties and sowing dates. Test weight was non-significant for sowing dates.
{"title":"Influence of Varieties and Sowing Dates on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Delayed Sowing","authors":"Manisha R, Sreedhar Chauhan, Mohan Das, Krishna Chaitanya A","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84357","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research station, Adilabad during Rabi-summer 2023-24 on “Influence of varieties and sowing dates on growth, yield attributes and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under delayed sowing”. The experimental design was strip plot with three replications. The treatments comprise five chickpea varieties (two are kabuli and three are desi) viz., NBeG-119, NBeG-810, NBeG-857, JG-14 and JAKI-9218 as horizontal factors and three sowing dates viz., December 1st week, December 3rd week and January 1st week as vertical factors. The results of the experiment indicated that JG-14 took more days to 50% flowering (43.2) and maturity (102.1), resulted in more pods plant-1 (50.8), higher 100 seed weight among desi varieties (25.2 g), greater seed yield (2564 kg ha-1), straw yield (5108 kg ha-1) on par with NBeG-857 (5213 kg ha-1), high harvest index (33.3%). Plant height and dry matter were higher for NBeG-810 (46.1 cm and 4036 kg ha-1 respectively) but was on par with JG-14 (42.5 cm) for plant height. Lower yield attributes and yield were recorded with NBeG-119 except test weight. Across sowing dates December 1st week obtained higher plant height (44.9 cm), dry matter (3817 kg ha-1), days to 50% flowering (44 days) and maturity (101.5 days), number of pods plant-1 (44.4), seed yield (2234 kg ha-1), straw yield (4463 kg ha-1) and harvest index (33.2%) and was on par with December 3rd week. January 1st week recorded low growth and yield parameters but was on par with December 3rd week. Seeds pod-1 was not significant for different varieties and sowing dates. Test weight was non-significant for sowing dates.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"2 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84356
Jogender. P, Srijaya. T, Madhavi. A, Padmaja. B
The current investigation involved a comprehensive field survey aimed at analysing the distribution of particle sizes and the availability of essential nutrients in maize soils cultivated during the rabi season (2022-2023) across three distinct productivity zones in Jagtial district, Telangana. These zones were categorized based on their maize yield: low (<2726 kg ha-1), medium (2726-2924 kg ha-1), and high (<2924-3122 kg ha-1). Prior to sowing the rabi maize crop, a total of 225 surface soil samples (0 - 15 cm depth) were meticulously gathered using a stratified random sampling method. This sampling approach ensured representation from each of the three productivity regions based on maize yield, amounting to 75 samples per region. These samples are now undergoing thorough analysis to assess soil texture and quantify the availability of key nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The sand, silt, and clay content in low, medium, and high productivity regions are 44.56%, 44.00%, and 42.84% for sand; 23.60%, 23.36%, and 21.97% for silt; and 31.84%, 32.64%, and 35.19% for clay, respectively. These figures show a slight decrease in sand and silt content and an increase in clay content as productivity increases. This trend suggests that high productivity soils have a denser texture with higher clay content, which can impact water retention and nutrient availability, important factors for plant growth and soil management practices. The respective available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) showed mean values of 172.36 kg/ha, 189.05 kg/ha, and 198.80 kg/ha for N; 27.18 kg/ha, 30.64 kg/ha, and 59.37 kg/ha for P; and 337 kg/ha, 350.47 kg/ha, and 363.85 kg/ha for K in low, medium, and high productivity regions, respectively. These values indicate an increase in available N, P, and K with increasing productivity, indicated by large standard deviation and coefficient of variation values across productivity regions, suggesting that higher productivity regions have more nutrient-rich soils, which can support more robust plant growth and contribute to higher agricultural yields.
{"title":"A Study on Soil Particle Distribution and Nutrient Availability in Maize-productive Zones of Jagtial District, Telangana, India","authors":"Jogender. P, Srijaya. T, Madhavi. A, Padmaja. B","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84356","url":null,"abstract":"The current investigation involved a comprehensive field survey aimed at analysing the distribution of particle sizes and the availability of essential nutrients in maize soils cultivated during the rabi season (2022-2023) across three distinct productivity zones in Jagtial district, Telangana. These zones were categorized based on their maize yield: low (<2726 kg ha-1), medium (2726-2924 kg ha-1), and high (<2924-3122 kg ha-1). Prior to sowing the rabi maize crop, a total of 225 surface soil samples (0 - 15 cm depth) were meticulously gathered using a stratified random sampling method. This sampling approach ensured representation from each of the three productivity regions based on maize yield, amounting to 75 samples per region. These samples are now undergoing thorough analysis to assess soil texture and quantify the availability of key nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The sand, silt, and clay content in low, medium, and high productivity regions are 44.56%, 44.00%, and 42.84% for sand; 23.60%, 23.36%, and 21.97% for silt; and 31.84%, 32.64%, and 35.19% for clay, respectively. These figures show a slight decrease in sand and silt content and an increase in clay content as productivity increases. This trend suggests that high productivity soils have a denser texture with higher clay content, which can impact water retention and nutrient availability, important factors for plant growth and soil management practices. The respective available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) showed mean values of 172.36 kg/ha, 189.05 kg/ha, and 198.80 kg/ha for N; 27.18 kg/ha, 30.64 kg/ha, and 59.37 kg/ha for P; and 337 kg/ha, 350.47 kg/ha, and 363.85 kg/ha for K in low, medium, and high productivity regions, respectively. These values indicate an increase in available N, P, and K with increasing productivity, indicated by large standard deviation and coefficient of variation values across productivity regions, suggesting that higher productivity regions have more nutrient-rich soils, which can support more robust plant growth and contribute to higher agricultural yields.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84356
Jogender. P, Srijaya. T, Madhavi. A, Padmaja. B
The current investigation involved a comprehensive field survey aimed at analysing the distribution of particle sizes and the availability of essential nutrients in maize soils cultivated during the rabi season (2022-2023) across three distinct productivity zones in Jagtial district, Telangana. These zones were categorized based on their maize yield: low (<2726 kg ha-1), medium (2726-2924 kg ha-1), and high (<2924-3122 kg ha-1). Prior to sowing the rabi maize crop, a total of 225 surface soil samples (0 - 15 cm depth) were meticulously gathered using a stratified random sampling method. This sampling approach ensured representation from each of the three productivity regions based on maize yield, amounting to 75 samples per region. These samples are now undergoing thorough analysis to assess soil texture and quantify the availability of key nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The sand, silt, and clay content in low, medium, and high productivity regions are 44.56%, 44.00%, and 42.84% for sand; 23.60%, 23.36%, and 21.97% for silt; and 31.84%, 32.64%, and 35.19% for clay, respectively. These figures show a slight decrease in sand and silt content and an increase in clay content as productivity increases. This trend suggests that high productivity soils have a denser texture with higher clay content, which can impact water retention and nutrient availability, important factors for plant growth and soil management practices. The respective available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) showed mean values of 172.36 kg/ha, 189.05 kg/ha, and 198.80 kg/ha for N; 27.18 kg/ha, 30.64 kg/ha, and 59.37 kg/ha for P; and 337 kg/ha, 350.47 kg/ha, and 363.85 kg/ha for K in low, medium, and high productivity regions, respectively. These values indicate an increase in available N, P, and K with increasing productivity, indicated by large standard deviation and coefficient of variation values across productivity regions, suggesting that higher productivity regions have more nutrient-rich soils, which can support more robust plant growth and contribute to higher agricultural yields.
{"title":"A Study on Soil Particle Distribution and Nutrient Availability in Maize-productive Zones of Jagtial District, Telangana, India","authors":"Jogender. P, Srijaya. T, Madhavi. A, Padmaja. B","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84356","url":null,"abstract":"The current investigation involved a comprehensive field survey aimed at analysing the distribution of particle sizes and the availability of essential nutrients in maize soils cultivated during the rabi season (2022-2023) across three distinct productivity zones in Jagtial district, Telangana. These zones were categorized based on their maize yield: low (<2726 kg ha-1), medium (2726-2924 kg ha-1), and high (<2924-3122 kg ha-1). Prior to sowing the rabi maize crop, a total of 225 surface soil samples (0 - 15 cm depth) were meticulously gathered using a stratified random sampling method. This sampling approach ensured representation from each of the three productivity regions based on maize yield, amounting to 75 samples per region. These samples are now undergoing thorough analysis to assess soil texture and quantify the availability of key nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The sand, silt, and clay content in low, medium, and high productivity regions are 44.56%, 44.00%, and 42.84% for sand; 23.60%, 23.36%, and 21.97% for silt; and 31.84%, 32.64%, and 35.19% for clay, respectively. These figures show a slight decrease in sand and silt content and an increase in clay content as productivity increases. This trend suggests that high productivity soils have a denser texture with higher clay content, which can impact water retention and nutrient availability, important factors for plant growth and soil management practices. The respective available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) showed mean values of 172.36 kg/ha, 189.05 kg/ha, and 198.80 kg/ha for N; 27.18 kg/ha, 30.64 kg/ha, and 59.37 kg/ha for P; and 337 kg/ha, 350.47 kg/ha, and 363.85 kg/ha for K in low, medium, and high productivity regions, respectively. These values indicate an increase in available N, P, and K with increasing productivity, indicated by large standard deviation and coefficient of variation values across productivity regions, suggesting that higher productivity regions have more nutrient-rich soils, which can support more robust plant growth and contribute to higher agricultural yields.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84358
R. Sowmiya, R. Krishnan, R. Karthikeyan
Maize, scientifically known as Zea mays, stands as one of humanity's most vital and versatile crop, with a rich history dating back thousands of years. Its journey from a wild grass to a staple food crop reflects its adaptability and resilience in various climates and soil conditions worldwide. But, the infestation of fall armyworm (FAW) in maize represents a significant agricultural challenge globally, including India. Its expansion to India was initially discovered in maize fields at the College of Agriculture in Shivamogga, Karnataka, in 2018. Fall Army Worm (FAW) is regarded a major maize pest due to its ravenous feeding habits and crop damage. Originating from the Americas, the fall armyworm has spread rapidly across continents, facilitated by its ability to migrate long distances and adapt to diverse environmental conditions. In maize fields, fall armyworm larvae feed voraciously on leaves, tassels, and kernels, causing substantial yield losses if left unchecked. Their feeding activity not only reduces crop yields but also increases vulnerability to secondary infections and reduces the overall quantity and quality of maize produced. Effective management of fall armyworm infestations in maize often requires a multi-pronged approach, integrating cultural, biological, and chemical control methods. Furthermore, the majority of Indian farmers are smallholders who are unable to afford chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment. This review delves into the emerging landscape of agro-ecological alternatives aimed at mitigating the impact of this destructive pest.
{"title":"Agro-ecological Alternatives for Fall Armyworm Management in Maize: A Review","authors":"R. Sowmiya, R. Krishnan, R. Karthikeyan","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84358","url":null,"abstract":"Maize, scientifically known as Zea mays, stands as one of humanity's most vital and versatile crop, with a rich history dating back thousands of years. Its journey from a wild grass to a staple food crop reflects its adaptability and resilience in various climates and soil conditions worldwide. But, the infestation of fall armyworm (FAW) in maize represents a significant agricultural challenge globally, including India. Its expansion to India was initially discovered in maize fields at the College of Agriculture in Shivamogga, Karnataka, in 2018. Fall Army Worm (FAW) is regarded a major maize pest due to its ravenous feeding habits and crop damage. Originating from the Americas, the fall armyworm has spread rapidly across continents, facilitated by its ability to migrate long distances and adapt to diverse environmental conditions. In maize fields, fall armyworm larvae feed voraciously on leaves, tassels, and kernels, causing substantial yield losses if left unchecked. Their feeding activity not only reduces crop yields but also increases vulnerability to secondary infections and reduces the overall quantity and quality of maize produced. Effective management of fall armyworm infestations in maize often requires a multi-pronged approach, integrating cultural, biological, and chemical control methods. Furthermore, the majority of Indian farmers are smallholders who are unable to afford chemical pesticides that are harmful to the environment. This review delves into the emerging landscape of agro-ecological alternatives aimed at mitigating the impact of this destructive pest.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84359
L. Vijay, Asif Mohammad, A. Chatterjee, Chimi Yangzom Lepcha, Girish C.E.
Breeding, feeding, health care and shelter management play a crucial role in maximizing the potential of dairy animals for milk production and protecting them from meteorological disasters. This study involved a sample of 180 dairy farmers, selected randomly from the Kakdwip, Namkhana and Sagar blocks in the Sundarbans region of India, to explore the management strategies they adopted. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents (74.45%) were rearing indigenous breeds. The majority (70.00%) of the farmers in the study area were in touch with local para vets for any immediate veterinary assistance. (71.67%) of dairy farmers utilized crop residues, tree leaves and grazing practices as alternatives used to cope with fodder shortages caused by the disaster and 20.56 percent of dairy farmers were feeding less concentrate and less green fodder as feed during the disaster conditions. Preventive measures, such as vaccination, were adopted by (61.11%) of the respondents to maintain the health of animals. Among animal sheds only, 6.11 percent of farmers built raised sheds from ground level to avoid injury or death. Therefore, the management of breeding, feeding, health care and shelter among dairy farmers in the Sundarbans region needs improvement. It can be possible by organizing awareness programs on breeding services, providing seeds of high-yielding varieties by dairy cooperatives for fodder cultivation, equipping veterinarians for timely health care and financial help for better shed construction.
{"title":"Exploring the Adaptation Strategies to Meteorological Disasters Followed by Dairy Farmers of Indian Sundarbans","authors":"L. Vijay, Asif Mohammad, A. Chatterjee, Chimi Yangzom Lepcha, Girish C.E.","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84359","url":null,"abstract":"Breeding, feeding, health care and shelter management play a crucial role in maximizing the potential of dairy animals for milk production and protecting them from meteorological disasters. This study involved a sample of 180 dairy farmers, selected randomly from the Kakdwip, Namkhana and Sagar blocks in the Sundarbans region of India, to explore the management strategies they adopted. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents (74.45%) were rearing indigenous breeds. The majority (70.00%) of the farmers in the study area were in touch with local para vets for any immediate veterinary assistance. (71.67%) of dairy farmers utilized crop residues, tree leaves and grazing practices as alternatives used to cope with fodder shortages caused by the disaster and 20.56 percent of dairy farmers were feeding less concentrate and less green fodder as feed during the disaster conditions. Preventive measures, such as vaccination, were adopted by (61.11%) of the respondents to maintain the health of animals. Among animal sheds only, 6.11 percent of farmers built raised sheds from ground level to avoid injury or death. Therefore, the management of breeding, feeding, health care and shelter among dairy farmers in the Sundarbans region needs improvement. It can be possible by organizing awareness programs on breeding services, providing seeds of high-yielding varieties by dairy cooperatives for fodder cultivation, equipping veterinarians for timely health care and financial help for better shed construction.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84355
Senjaliya Tushar M., Patel J. J., Patel Hiral G.
Aim: To study the population dynamics of thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) infesting onion in relation to weather parameters Study Design: Field trail; Randomized Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at College farm at Navsari Agricultural University (NAU) Southern Gujarat, INDIA during Rabi of 2022-23 and 2023-24. Methodology: For observations of thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), the whole experimental plot was divided in five sectors and 5 plants were randomly selected from each sector. The observations on absolute thrips population were recorded at weekly interval by counting the number of thrips per plant during morning hours starting from one week after transplanting till to harvesting of the crop. Results: Thrips population initiated during 3rd week of December (51st Standard Meteriological Week) during both the year in the range of 2.25 to 15.87, 1.60 to 24.50 and 2.51 to 18.85 thrips per plant with an average of 6.67, 10.54 and 8.60 per plant during 2022, 2023 and in average of two years. The highest peak (15.87 /plant) was observed during 3rd week of February (8th Standard Meteriological Week) in 2022 whereas, during 4th week of February (9th Standard Meteriological Week) in 2023 as well as in average of two years with a population of 24.50 and 18.85 per plant, respectively. Thrips population had highly significant positive correlation with MaxT (r=0.678) whereas, highly significantly negatively correlated with Evening Relative Humidity (r = -0.727) during 2022. The population of thrips highly significantly positively correlated with Bright Sunshine Hours (r=0.672) during 2023. The other weather parameters had no role on incidence of thrips as the results were non-significant. Conclusion: results of population dynamics of thrips (Thrips tabaci) on Onion for both the years, it can be concluded that the infestation of thrips was higher during 5th week of January to 1st week of March on onion.
{"title":"Seasonal Activities of Thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman.) in Onion and Their Relation with the Various Environmental Factors","authors":"Senjaliya Tushar M., Patel J. J., Patel Hiral G.","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84355","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study the population dynamics of thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) infesting onion in relation to weather parameters \u0000Study Design: Field trail; Randomized Block Design. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at College farm at Navsari Agricultural University (NAU) Southern Gujarat, INDIA during Rabi of 2022-23 and 2023-24. \u0000Methodology: For observations of thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), the whole experimental plot was divided in five sectors and 5 plants were randomly selected from each sector. The observations on absolute thrips population were recorded at weekly interval by counting the number of thrips per plant during morning hours starting from one week after transplanting till to harvesting of the crop. \u0000Results: Thrips population initiated during 3rd week of December (51st Standard Meteriological Week) during both the year in the range of 2.25 to 15.87, 1.60 to 24.50 and 2.51 to 18.85 thrips per plant with an average of 6.67, 10.54 and 8.60 per plant during 2022, 2023 and in average of two years. The highest peak (15.87 /plant) was observed during 3rd week of February (8th Standard Meteriological Week) in 2022 whereas, during 4th week of February (9th Standard Meteriological Week) in 2023 as well as in average of two years with a population of 24.50 and 18.85 per plant, respectively. Thrips population had highly significant positive correlation with MaxT (r=0.678) whereas, highly significantly negatively correlated with Evening Relative Humidity (r = -0.727) during 2022. The population of thrips highly significantly positively correlated with Bright Sunshine Hours (r=0.672) during 2023. The other weather parameters had no role on incidence of thrips as the results were non-significant. \u0000Conclusion: results of population dynamics of thrips (Thrips tabaci) on Onion for both the years, it can be concluded that the infestation of thrips was higher during 5th week of January to 1st week of March on onion.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84354
Sagar B. Gavit, H. Bhange, B. Ayare, S. T. Patil, P. R. Kolhe
Groundwater is a crucial source of fresh water that is stored below the Earth's surface in the saturated zone, filling gaps and spaces in soil and geological formations. Groundwater is a hidden natural resource that cannot be directly detected, therefore mapping of this resource can be challenging task. In the present study, remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques were collectively used to categorize groundwater potential zones in the Wakawali watershed of Ratnagiri District. In this study, SRTM DEM of 30 m resolution and conventional data was used to generate thematic layers such as slope, drainage density, lithology, geomorphology, soil and rainfall. Weightage percentages to each thematic layer were assigned according to their relative importance to groundwater potentiality using AHP technique. Further, integrated using “weighted sum” tool in Arc-GIS software. The outcomes of the groundwater potential map of the study area were classified into five zones viz., very poor, poor, moderately poor, good, very good contributing to 3.18%, 17.68%, 30.86%, 31.18% and 17.11% respectively. The study conclude that the remote sensing and Geographic Information System is a significant tool for land and water resource studies as well as preparation of water resources development plans, so as to prepare economically viable plans.
{"title":"Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones in Wakawali Watershed Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS)","authors":"Sagar B. Gavit, H. Bhange, B. Ayare, S. T. Patil, P. R. Kolhe","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84354","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is a crucial source of fresh water that is stored below the Earth's surface in the saturated zone, filling gaps and spaces in soil and geological formations. Groundwater is a hidden natural resource that cannot be directly detected, therefore mapping of this resource can be challenging task. In the present study, remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques were collectively used to categorize groundwater potential zones in the Wakawali watershed of Ratnagiri District. In this study, SRTM DEM of 30 m resolution and conventional data was used to generate thematic layers such as slope, drainage density, lithology, geomorphology, soil and rainfall. Weightage percentages to each thematic layer were assigned according to their relative importance to groundwater potentiality using AHP technique. Further, integrated using “weighted sum” tool in Arc-GIS software. The outcomes of the groundwater potential map of the study area were classified into five zones viz., very poor, poor, moderately poor, good, very good contributing to 3.18%, 17.68%, 30.86%, 31.18% and 17.11% respectively. The study conclude that the remote sensing and Geographic Information System is a significant tool for land and water resource studies as well as preparation of water resources development plans, so as to prepare economically viable plans.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84351
Keerthana, B, Chalam, M. S. V, Radhika
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ten insecticides viz., spinetoram 11.7 SC @ 0.5 ml l-1, cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @ 1.2 ml l-1, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @0.3 ml l-1, chlorfluazuron 5.4 EC @ 2.0 ml l-1, azadirachtin 1 EC @ 1 ml l-1, spinetoram 11.7 SC + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 0.5 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1, cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 1.2 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 0.3 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1, chlorfluazuron 5.4 EC + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 2.0 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1 and quinalphos 25EC @ 2.0 ml l-1 along with an untreated control. Pooled efficacies of these treatments revealed that chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 0.3 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1 was found to be the most effective treatment which exhibited highest efficacy against Spodoptera litura (75.26 per cent reduction over control) and Achaea janata (82.31 per cent ROC) followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3 ml l-1 which recorded 68.80 % and 76.15 % ROC respectively. The least per cent ROC was recorded in azadirachtin 1 EC (0.01 %) @ 1 ml l-1.
实验评估了十种杀虫剂的药效，即Spinetoram 11.7 SC @ 0.5 ml l-1, cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @ 1.2 ml l-1, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3 ml l-1, chlorfluazuron 5.4 EC @ 2.0 ml l-1, azadirachtin 1 EC @ 1 ml l-1, spinetoram 11.7 SC + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 0.5 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1, cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 1.2 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1、chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 0.3 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1、chlorfluazuron 5.4 EC + azadirachtin 1 EC @ 2.0 ml l-1 + 1 ml l-1、喹硫磷 25EC @ 2.0 ml l-1，以及未处理的对照。这些处理的综合药效表明，氯虫苯甲酰胺 18.5 SC + 杜鹃黄素 1 EC @ 0.3 毫升/升 + 1 毫升/升是最有效的处理，对斑翅虫（比对照减少 75.26%）和矢车菊（ROC 为 82.31%）的药效最高，其次是氯虫苯甲酰胺 18.5 SC @ 0.3 毫升/升，ROC 分别为 68.80% 和 76.15%。唑啉草酯 1 EC (0.01 %) @ 1 ml l-1 的 ROC 最低。
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Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84352
H. M., Kundu, C.K., Rajbanshi, B., Tamang, D, Mondal, S, Akhtar, J, Mondal, B, D. S, Devi, N.M., Hossain, S.S.
An experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field located at latitude is N 23º1¢19.9¢¢ and longitude is E 88º34¢31.8¢¢ in an arsenic affected village Goentra of west Bengal, India during winter season 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12. In arsenic contaminated village of Goentra, the wide variation of arsenic in shallow tube well water and pond water was observed. The level of variation is almost three times more in shallow tube well water as compare to the pond water. Rain water harvested pond water (0.04 mg L-1) is safer than the underground source of water (0.14 mg L-1). The experiment was conducted in factorial experiment in split-split plot design. Two fodder crops were laid as main plot, i.e. Oats and lucerne, two sources of irrigation i.e. pond water and shallow tube well water was in sub plot and frequency of irrigation was three in sub-sub plot. The crops was, therefore, tested against two source of irrigations viz.: (i) Pond water and (ii) shallow tube well water; and frequency of irrigation water viz.: (i) Irrigation at 20 DAS, (ii) Irrigation at 20 and 35 DAS and (iii) Irrigation at 20, 35 and 50 DAS. The Lucerne fodder crop received comparatively less arsenic uptake than oats fodder. Pond water irrigated fodder crops shows significantly less arsenic concentration in plant parts comparatively to shallow tube well water irrigated fodder crops. Shoots arsenic content reduction with once irrigation is 11.93 % whereas in two irrigations shoots arsenic content is only 4.0 % at harvest stage of crops. The frequency of irrigation considerably shows the arsenic concentration variation in fodder crops. The fodder crops irrigated with single irrigation shows less arsenic (2.97 mg kg-1) in plant than the two or three irrigation.
{"title":"Reduction of Arsenic Load in Winter Fodder Crops as Influenced by Shallow Tube Well and Pond Water Irrigation","authors":"H. M., Kundu, C.K., Rajbanshi, B., Tamang, D, Mondal, S, Akhtar, J, Mondal, B, D. S, Devi, N.M., Hossain, S.S.","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84352","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field located at latitude is N 23º1¢19.9¢¢ and longitude is E 88º34¢31.8¢¢ in an arsenic affected village Goentra of west Bengal, India during winter season 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12. In arsenic contaminated village of Goentra, the wide variation of arsenic in shallow tube well water and pond water was observed. The level of variation is almost three times more in shallow tube well water as compare to the pond water. Rain water harvested pond water (0.04 mg L-1) is safer than the underground source of water (0.14 mg L-1). The experiment was conducted in factorial experiment in split-split plot design. Two fodder crops were laid as main plot, i.e. Oats and lucerne, two sources of irrigation i.e. pond water and shallow tube well water was in sub plot and frequency of irrigation was three in sub-sub plot. The crops was, therefore, tested against two source of irrigations viz.: (i) Pond water and (ii) shallow tube well water; and frequency of irrigation water viz.: (i) Irrigation at 20 DAS, (ii) Irrigation at 20 and 35 DAS and (iii) Irrigation at 20, 35 and 50 DAS. The Lucerne fodder crop received comparatively less arsenic uptake than oats fodder. Pond water irrigated fodder crops shows significantly less arsenic concentration in plant parts comparatively to shallow tube well water irrigated fodder crops. Shoots arsenic content reduction with once irrigation is 11.93 % whereas in two irrigations shoots arsenic content is only 4.0 % at harvest stage of crops. The frequency of irrigation considerably shows the arsenic concentration variation in fodder crops. The fodder crops irrigated with single irrigation shows less arsenic (2.97 mg kg-1) in plant than the two or three irrigation.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"57 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84353
N. Hari
Water is essential for agricultural production and food security, making efficient water use critical. Accurate measurement of soil moisture is vital for scheduling irrigation, ensuring that crops receive the right amount of water at the right time. This prevents both under- and over-irrigation, conserving water and maximizing crop production. Currently, digital soil moisture sensors are used for their accuracy and instant measurement capabilities. The soil moisture sensor's functionality was evaluated through observations of four Capacitive soil moisture sensors 1.2 (SMS A, B, C, D) at various moisture levels, with gravimetric method verification. The calibrated linear equations demonstrated a strong linear relationship for each sensor. The coefficient of determination (R2) were also found to be 0.92, 0.93, 0.91 and 0.93 respectively. These R² values indicate a strong linear relationship for each sensor. An automated drip irrigation module was developed by integrating these soil moisture sensors with the Arduino platform. The system activates the irrigation motor when soil moisture content falls below the field capacity or a desired set value, and turns it off once the required moisture level is reached. This sensor-based automated drip irrigation module enables farmers to irrigate their fields precisely and efficiently, delivering the right quantity of water at the right time. The system is also suitable for deficit irrigation practices, improving crop yield and water use efficiency.
{"title":"Laboratory Evaluation of Soil Moisture Sensors for Precision Irrigation in Agriculture","authors":"N. Hari","doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84353","url":null,"abstract":"Water is essential for agricultural production and food security, making efficient water use critical. Accurate measurement of soil moisture is vital for scheduling irrigation, ensuring that crops receive the right amount of water at the right time. This prevents both under- and over-irrigation, conserving water and maximizing crop production. Currently, digital soil moisture sensors are used for their accuracy and instant measurement capabilities. The soil moisture sensor's functionality was evaluated through observations of four Capacitive soil moisture sensors 1.2 (SMS A, B, C, D) at various moisture levels, with gravimetric method verification. The calibrated linear equations demonstrated a strong linear relationship for each sensor. The coefficient of determination (R2) were also found to be 0.92, 0.93, 0.91 and 0.93 respectively. These R² values indicate a strong linear relationship for each sensor. An automated drip irrigation module was developed by integrating these soil moisture sensors with the Arduino platform. The system activates the irrigation motor when soil moisture content falls below the field capacity or a desired set value, and turns it off once the required moisture level is reached. This sensor-based automated drip irrigation module enables farmers to irrigate their fields precisely and efficiently, delivering the right quantity of water at the right time. The system is also suitable for deficit irrigation practices, improving crop yield and water use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":506431,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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