Estimating methane emissions from manure: a suitable case for treatment?

Neil Ward, Andy Atkins, Penny Atkins
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Abstract

Methane from livestock is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. Under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Annex I countries’ National Inventories report emissions from cattle as enteric or from manure management at ratios of between 3:1 and 9:1 depending on country and cattle type. Field research generally supports the inventories’ assumptions about enteric emissions, but these ratios have focused interest on enteric emissions and diverted attention away from manure management. Official calculations about manure management emissions factors are more varied than those for enteric emissions and evidence from field measurements suggests inventories may be underestimating manure management emissions especially in the dairy sector. This paper has three objectives. First, it reviews the science underpinning the international framework for estimating methane emissions from manure management. Second, it presents data from two dairy farms in south-west England where measured emissions of methane from slurry storage facilities are four to five times greater than the assumptions in the UK’s inventory. If these measurements were representative of the UK, the implication is that total methane emissions from the UK dairy herd would be over 40 per cent greater than the level reported to the UNFCCC and the proportion of total methane emissions from manure management would be almost a half rather than less than a quarter. Finally, the paper assesses the potential value if methane were captured from slurry storage facilities. Its value as a biogas is estimated to be £500 million per year for the UK dairy industry (at forecourt diesel prices). The paper concludes that the scale of emissions and the potential economic value of lost biogas are sufficient to warrant urgent research and action to reduce emissions from manure management with the beneficial prospect that a valuable new income stream for farm businesses could also be realised.
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估算粪便的甲烷排放量:是否适合处理?
牲畜产生的甲烷是温室气体排放的重要来源。根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC),附件一国家的国家清单将牛的排放量报告为肠道排放或粪便管理排放,根据国家和牛的种类,比例在 3:1 到 9:1 之间。实地研究普遍支持清单中关于肠道排放的假设,但这些比率将人们的兴趣集中在肠道排放上,而将注意力从粪肥管理上转移开。粪便管理排放因子的官方计算结果比肠道排放因子的计算结果更不尽相同,而且实地测量的证据表明,清单可能低估了粪便管理排放,尤其是在乳制品行业。本文有三个目标。首先,本文回顾了估算粪肥管理甲烷排放量的国际框架的科学依据。其次,本文介绍了英格兰西南部两个奶牛场的数据,在这两个奶牛场,泥浆储存设施的甲烷排放量测量值是英国清单假设值的四到五倍。如果这些测量结果在英国具有代表性,则意味着英国奶牛场的甲烷总排放量将比向联合国气候变化框架公约报告的水平高出 40% 以上,粪便管理产生的甲烷排放量占甲烷总排放量的比例将接近一半,而不是不到四分之一。最后,本文评估了从泥浆储存设施中收集甲烷的潜在价值。据估计,甲烷作为一种沼气,每年可为英国乳品业带来 5 亿英镑的价值(按前场柴油价格计算)。本文的结论是,排放的规模和损失的沼气的潜在经济价值足以证明有必要开展紧急研究和行动,以减少粪便管理中的排放,并为农场企业带来有价值的新收入来源。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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