What the hay: predicting equine voluntary forage intake using a meta-analysis approach

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Animal Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.animal.2024.101266
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Abstract

To properly formulate diets, the ability to accurately estimate feed intake is critical as the amount of feed consumed will influence the amount of nutrients delivered to the animal. Inaccurate intake estimates may lead to under- or over-feeding of nutrients to the animal. Individual differences in equine forage intake are well-known, but predictive equations based on animal and nutritional factors are not comprehensive. The objective of the present study was to consolidate the current body of knowledge in the published literature on voluntary forage DM intake (VFDMI) in equines and conduct a meta-analysis to identify driving factors, sources of heterogeneity, and develop predictive equations. Therefore, a systematic literature search was applied and identified 61 publications which met the inclusion criteria. From each study, the outcomes of interest (e.g., forage intake), diet composition (e.g., forage information, nutrient composition), and animal factors (e.g., sex, age, breed, BW, exercise level) were extracted. Forage intake was analyzed as two different outcome variables: (1) VFDMI in kg/d and (2) VFDMI in g/kg BW. Linear mixed model analysis treating study as a random effect was applied, using a backward−stepping approach to identifying potential driving variables for VFDMI (both units) where all terms have P < 0.1. The best fitting models for VFDMI included similar factors (also across kg/d and g/kg BW) such as forage quality (i.e., neutral detergent fiber or CP content), forage type (i.e., grass, legume, or mixed), the animals’ size category (i.e., horses vs ponies), and some management factors (i.e., pasture access). As anticipated, forage intake increased when higher quality forages were fed (i.e., lower neutral detergent fiber or higher CP), potentially due to improved digestibility. Additionally, VFDMI increased as BW increased but ponies increased their VFDMI more per every kg increase in BW compared to horses. Lastly, pasture access (i.e., grazing) may influence VFDMI such that pastured animals consume less than stalled animals, possibly due to the time it takes to graze forage. In conclusion, equations to predict equine VFDMI with high accuracy and precision (concordance correlation coefficient  = 0.82 – 0.95; root mean squared error RMSE = 0.82–5.49) were developed which could be applied in practice by equine nutritionists or owners and managers. The results of this meta-analysis confirm that animal traits and forage quality have a significant impact on the VFDMI of equines and should be accounted for when formulating diets to ensure nutritional requirements are met.

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什么是干草?利用荟萃分析法预测马的自愿草料摄入量
要正确配制日粮,准确估计采食量的能力至关重要,因为采食量将影响动物所摄入的营养成分。不准确的采食量估计可能会导致动物摄入的营养不足或过多。众所周知,马的饲草摄入量存在个体差异,但基于动物和营养因素的预测方程并不全面。本研究的目的是整合目前已发表的有关马自愿饲草 DM 摄入量(VFDMI)的文献知识,并进行荟萃分析,以确定驱动因素、异质性来源并建立预测方程。因此,我们进行了系统的文献检索,发现了 61 篇符合纳入标准的文献。从每项研究中提取了相关结果(如草料摄入量)、日粮组成(如草料信息、营养成分)和动物因素(如性别、年龄、品种、体重、运动水平)。草料摄入量作为两个不同的结果变量进行分析:(1)VFDMI(公斤/天)和(2)VFDMI(克/千克体重)。将研究作为随机效应进行线性混合模型分析,采用后退步法确定 VFDMI(两个单位)的潜在驱动变量,其中所有项的 P 均为 0.1。VFDMI的最佳拟合模型包括类似的因素(同样是千克/天和克/千克体重),如饲草质量(即中性洗涤纤维或CP含量)、饲草类型(即草、豆科植物或混合)、动物体型类别(即马与小马)以及一些管理因素(即牧场使用权)。正如预期的那样,饲喂质量较高的草料(即中性洗涤纤维较低或CP较高)时,草料摄入量会增加,这可能是由于消化率提高所致。此外,VFDMI 随着体重的增加而增加,但与马相比,每增加一公斤体重,小马的 VFDMI 增加得更多。最后,牧场的使用(即放牧)可能会影响 VFDMI,例如,放牧动物的消耗量比停放动物少,这可能是由于放牧需要时间。总之,本研究建立了准确度和精确度较高的马 VFDMI 预测方程(一致性相关系数 = 0.82 - 0.95;均方根误差 RMSE = 0.82-5.49),可供马营养学家或马主和管理者在实践中应用。荟萃分析的结果证实,动物性状和饲草质量对马匹的 VFDMI 有显著影响,在配制日粮时应考虑到这一点,以确保满足营养需求。
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来源期刊
Animal
Animal 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
2.80%
发文量
246
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Editorial board animal attracts the best research in animal biology and animal systems from across the spectrum of the agricultural, biomedical, and environmental sciences. It is the central element in an exciting collaboration between the British Society of Animal Science (BSAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP) and represents a merging of three scientific journals: Animal Science; Animal Research; Reproduction, Nutrition, Development. animal publishes original cutting-edge research, ''hot'' topics and horizon-scanning reviews on animal-related aspects of the life sciences at the molecular, cellular, organ, whole animal and production system levels. The main subject areas include: breeding and genetics; nutrition; physiology and functional biology of systems; behaviour, health and welfare; farming systems, environmental impact and climate change; product quality, human health and well-being. Animal models and papers dealing with the integration of research between these topics and their impact on the environment and people are particularly welcome.
期刊最新文献
Amylase activity across black soldier fly larvae development and feeding substrates: insights on starch digestibility and external digestion Comparison of predictive ability of single-trait and multitrait genomic selection models for body growth traits in Maiwa yaks Effects of oxygen levels and temperature on growth and physiology of pikeperch juveniles cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system Resolving and functional analysis of RNA editing sites in sheep ovaries and associations with litter size Friend or foe: effects of social experience and genetic line on responses of young gilts in a social challenge paired interaction test
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