Using Auger transitions as a route to determine the oxidation state of copper in high-pressure electron spectroscopy

IF 2.1 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Surface Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI:10.1016/j.susc.2024.122565
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Abstract

Accurate discrimination between metallic copper (Cu0) and cuprous oxide (Cu2O, Cu+) in electron spectroscopy commonly relies on the Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) Cu L3M4,5M4,5 transitions, as the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Cu core-levels do not provide large enough binding energy shifts. The kinetic energy of the AES Cu L3M4,5M4,5 electrons is ∼917 eV, which leaves the AES electron susceptible for efficient scattering in the gas phase and attenuation of the signal above near-ambient pressure conditions. To study copper-based materials at higher pressures, e.g., the active state of a catalyst, Auger transitions providing electrons with higher kinetic energies are needed.

This study focuses on AES transitions involving the Cu K-shell (1s electrons) that exhibit discernible kinetic energy shifts between the oxidation states of Cu. It is shown that the AES Cu KL2M4,5 transition, with kinetic energy of ∼7936 eV, provides a large enough kinetic energy shift between metallic copper and Cu2O. AES signal is demonstrated in an ambient of 150 mbar CO2.

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在高压电子能谱中利用奥杰跃迁确定铜的氧化态
由于 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 中的铜核级不能提供足够大的结合能位移,因此在电子能谱中准确区分金属铜 (Cu0) 和氧化亚铜 (Cu2O, Cu+)通常依赖于奥杰电子能谱 (AES) 中的 Cu L3M4,5M4,5 转变。AES Cu L3M4,5M4,5 电子的动能为 ∼917 eV,这使得 AES 电子容易在气相中发生有效散射,在近环境压力条件下信号会衰减。为了在更高压力下研究铜基材料,例如催化剂的活性状态,需要奥杰跃迁提供动能更高的电子。本研究重点关注涉及铜 K 壳(1s 电子)的 AES 跃迁,这些电子在铜的氧化态之间表现出明显的动能转移。研究表明,动能为 ∼7936 eV 的 AES Cu KL2M4,5 转变在金属铜和 Cu2O 之间提供了足够大的动能转移。AES 信号在 150 毫巴二氧化碳环境中得到了证实。
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来源期刊
Surface Science
Surface Science 化学-物理:凝聚态物理
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
5.30%
发文量
137
审稿时长
25 days
期刊介绍: Surface Science is devoted to elucidating the fundamental aspects of chemistry and physics occurring at a wide range of surfaces and interfaces and to disseminating this knowledge fast. The journal welcomes a broad spectrum of topics, including but not limited to: • model systems (e.g. in Ultra High Vacuum) under well-controlled reactive conditions • nanoscale science and engineering, including manipulation of matter at the atomic/molecular scale and assembly phenomena • reactivity of surfaces as related to various applied areas including heterogeneous catalysis, chemistry at electrified interfaces, and semiconductors functionalization • phenomena at interfaces relevant to energy storage and conversion, and fuels production and utilization • surface reactivity for environmental protection and pollution remediation • interactions at surfaces of soft matter, including polymers and biomaterials. Both experimental and theoretical work, including modeling, is within the scope of the journal. Work published in Surface Science reaches a wide readership, from chemistry and physics to biology and materials science and engineering, providing an excellent forum for cross-fertilization of ideas and broad dissemination of scientific discoveries.
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