Food security: The ultimate one-health challenge

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES One Health Pub Date : 2024-07-28 DOI:10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100864
James A. Roth, Jane Galyon
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Abstract

Food insecurity is a serious and immediate concern for the world due to challenges including overpopulation; conflicts; animal, plant, and human diseases; climate change; depletion of resources; and environmental degradation. Long-term solutions for food production must consider the impacts on the environment, water and other resources, human and animal health, and sustainable crop production.

The fundamental cause of food insecurity is the rapid and unprecedented increase in human population from approximately 2 billion people in 1925 to over 8 billion in 2023. The need for food has led to major expansion of both crop and food animal production including movement into new areas; increased production requires more resources, some of which are being depleted. This paper focuses on food animal production. Humans depend on three major species for most animal-origin food: Chickens (meat and eggs), cattle (meat and milk), and swine (meat). Each species is currently threatened by diseases that can rapidly spread internationally, and some have zoonotic potential. Diversification of animal-based food, such as expanding aquaculture can help to protect against food shortages should an epizootic occur in one or more of the above species.

Cutting-edge science is needed to improve food animal production and pathogen control. This requires an interdisciplinary one-world, one-health approach led by international organizations and funded by the developed world. An optimal response will involve scientists and policy experts from government, the private sector, and universities worldwide. Strengthening all nations' public health infrastructure and veterinary services is essential to this aim.

Fortunately, concerns about worldwide food security are concurrent with rapid advances in nearly all aspects of science, which can be applied to sustainably increase food production both locally and globally. There must be a collective will to apply science and to implement policies to solve current food security problems and to prepare for future challenges.

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粮食安全:健康的终极挑战
由于人口过剩、冲突、动物、植物和人类疾病、气候变化、资源枯竭和环境退化等挑战,粮食不安全是世界面临的一个严重而紧迫的问题。粮食生产的长期解决方案必须考虑到对环境、水和其他资源、人类和动物健康以及可持续作物生产的影响。粮食不安全的根本原因是人类人口从 1925 年的约 20 亿迅速增加到 2023 年的 80 多亿,这是前所未有的。对粮食的需求导致农作物和食用动物生产大幅扩张,包括向新的地区迁移;生产的增加需要更多的资源,而其中一些资源正在枯竭。本文重点讨论食用动物生产。人类的大部分动物源性食物都依赖于三大物种:鸡(肉和蛋)、牛(肉和奶)和猪(肉)。目前,每种动物都受到疾病的威胁,这些疾病可在国际范围内迅速传播,其中一些还可能造成人畜共患病。以动物为基础的食物多样化,如扩大水产养殖,有助于在上述一个或多个物种发生流行病时防止食物短缺。这需要在国际组织的领导下,在发达国家的资助下,采取跨学科的 "一个世界、一种健康 "的方法。一个最佳的应对方案需要来自政府、私营部门和世界各地大学的科学家和政策专家的参与。幸运的是,在关注全球粮食安全的同时,几乎所有科学领域都取得了突飞猛进的进步,这些进步可以用于可持续地提高本地和全球的粮食产量。必须有一种集体意愿来应用科学和实施政策,以解决目前的粮食安全问题,并为应对未来的挑战做好准备。
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来源期刊
One Health
One Health Medicine-Infectious Diseases
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
4.00%
发文量
95
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: One Health - a Gold Open Access journal. The mission of One Health is to provide a platform for rapid communication of high quality scientific knowledge on inter- and intra-species pathogen transmission, bringing together leading experts in virology, bacteriology, parasitology, mycology, vectors and vector-borne diseases, tropical health, veterinary sciences, pathology, immunology, food safety, mathematical modelling, epidemiology, public health research and emergency preparedness. As a Gold Open Access journal, a fee is payable on acceptance of the paper. Please see the Guide for Authors for more information. Submissions to the following categories are welcome: Virology, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Mycology, Vectors and vector-borne diseases, Co-infections and co-morbidities, Disease spatial surveillance, Modelling, Tropical Health, Discovery, Ecosystem Health, Public Health.
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