Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever is a severe tick-borne viral disease with a high fatality rate. This study aimed to advance the understanding of CCHF virus (CCHFV) in terms of geographical spread and genotypic characterization by investigating its detection in ticks collected from cattle, one year after the first detection of CCHFV in Corsica. From 2024 to 2025, we collected ticks from cattle, with standardised sampling occurring twice per month. Ticks were screened for CCHFV RNA by RTq-PCR. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Blood samples from a subset of these cattle were tested for CCHFV antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) test. Among the 13,577 ticks collected, CCHFV RNA was detected in 61 pools (1.6%) out of the 3803 tested. We identified CCHFV African genotype III in ticks collected from cattle at different sites in northern and southern Corsica. However, two tick strains showed a reassortant profile, with the S and L segments belonging to genotype III and the M segment belonging to genotype I. Data also showed that our strains clustered with strains isolated in African and Western European countries. The overall IgG anti-CCHFV seroprevalence in cattle was 8.44% [95% CI: 6.27% - 11.06%]. This study provides new insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of CCHFV in Corsica and confirms the wider-than-expected distribution and variability of CCHFV in Corsica. Therefore, our findings confirm the genetic variability inside the CCHFV genotypes and their introduction to Corsica from other countries.
{"title":"Widespread circulation of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in ticks, Corsica (France), 2024","authors":"Morena Gasparine , Armand Namekong Fokeng , Shirley Masse , Eva Lopez , Remi Charrel , Xavier de Lamballerie , Alessandra Falchi","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever is a severe tick-borne viral disease with a high fatality rate. This study aimed to advance the understanding of CCHF virus (CCHFV) in terms of geographical spread and genotypic characterization by investigating its detection in ticks collected from cattle, one year after the first detection of CCHFV in Corsica. From 2024 to 2025, we collected ticks from cattle, with standardised sampling occurring twice per month. Ticks were screened for CCHFV RNA by RTq-PCR. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Blood samples from a subset of these cattle were tested for CCHFV antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) test. Among the 13,577 ticks collected, CCHFV RNA was detected in 61 pools (1.6%) out of the 3803 tested. We identified CCHFV African genotype III in ticks collected from cattle at different sites in northern and southern Corsica. However, two tick strains showed a reassortant profile, with the S and L segments belonging to genotype III and the M segment belonging to genotype I. Data also showed that our strains clustered with strains isolated in African and Western European countries. The overall IgG anti-CCHFV seroprevalence in cattle was 8.44% [95% CI: 6.27% - 11.06%]. This study provides new insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of CCHFV in Corsica and confirms the wider-than-expected distribution and variability of CCHFV in Corsica. Therefore, our findings confirm the genetic variability inside the CCHFV genotypes and their introduction to Corsica from other countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101337
María Simón , Eduardo Fernández-Jiménez , Paula García-Sánchez , Jacek Rubik , David Canalejo-Gonzalez , Florence Lacaille , Chiara Bergamo , Vitor Hugo-Martin , Elisa Benetti , Alba Bermúdez , Marta Gonzalez-Vicent , Teresa Costa , Paula Sevilla , Silvia Simó-Nebot , David Bueno , Esther Ramos-Boluda , Serena Vigezzi , Antonio Pérez-Martinez , Ana Méndez-Echevarría
Introduction
As the number of transplants and survival rates increase, concerns regarding the mental health of transplanted children and their correlated factors are growing.
Objectives
To assess the emotional, behavioral, and physical functioning of children who underwent various types of transplants, exploring its association with pet ownership.
Methods
Pediatric transplant centers were contacted through the European Network “TransplantChild”. Primary caregivers were invited to complete an online survey including demographic information and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
Results
A total of 418 participants from nine European centers were included. The mean age of the children was 11.09 ± 4.17 years. Of these, 84% had undergone solid-organ transplantation and 16% had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; 43% of the children lived with dogs and/or cats. High rates of abnormal scores were observed across all the SDQ subscales, with peer problems being the most prevalent (29.8%). Solid-organ transplant recipients exhibited higher conduct-problem scores (p < 0.001). Older children had significantly higher scores on emotional and peer problems (p < 0.001). Pet ownership was associated with higher prosocial behavior scores (p < 0.05), even after adjusting for clinical severity. No statistically significant interaction effect was found between transplant type and pet ownership in any SDQ domain. Moreover, among patients aged >12 years, pet ownership was linked to fewer peer-relationship problems (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Transplanted children are at increased risk of emotional and behavioral difficulties. Pet ownership was associated with higher prosocial behavior and fewer peer problems in adolescents, supporting a potential beneficial role of companion animals in the psychosocial well-being of pediatric transplant recipients.
{"title":"Pet ownership and parent-reported mental health in pediatric transplantation. A cross-sectional study from the European reference network Transplantchild. The pink study","authors":"María Simón , Eduardo Fernández-Jiménez , Paula García-Sánchez , Jacek Rubik , David Canalejo-Gonzalez , Florence Lacaille , Chiara Bergamo , Vitor Hugo-Martin , Elisa Benetti , Alba Bermúdez , Marta Gonzalez-Vicent , Teresa Costa , Paula Sevilla , Silvia Simó-Nebot , David Bueno , Esther Ramos-Boluda , Serena Vigezzi , Antonio Pérez-Martinez , Ana Méndez-Echevarría","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>As the number of transplants and survival rates increase, concerns regarding the mental health of transplanted children and their correlated factors are growing.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the emotional, behavioral, and physical functioning of children who underwent various types of transplants, exploring its association with pet ownership.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pediatric transplant centers were contacted through the European Network <em>“TransplantChild”</em>. Primary caregivers were invited to complete an online survey including demographic information and the <em>Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire</em> (SDQ).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 418 participants from nine European centers were included. The mean age of the children was 11.09 ± 4.17 years. Of these, 84% had undergone solid-organ transplantation and 16% had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; 43% of the children lived with dogs and/or cats. High rates of abnormal scores were observed across all the SDQ subscales, with peer problems being the most prevalent (29.8%). Solid-organ transplant recipients exhibited higher conduct-problem scores (<em>p</em> < 0.001). Older children had significantly higher scores on emotional and peer problems (<em>p</em> < 0.001). Pet ownership was associated with higher prosocial behavior scores (<em>p</em> < 0.05), even after adjusting for clinical severity. No statistically significant interaction effect was found between transplant type and pet ownership in any SDQ domain. Moreover, among patients aged >12 years, pet ownership was linked to fewer peer-relationship problems (<em>p</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Transplanted children are at increased risk of emotional and behavioral difficulties. Pet ownership was associated with higher prosocial behavior and fewer peer problems in adolescents, supporting a potential beneficial role of companion animals in the psychosocial well-being of pediatric transplant recipients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101335
Abel E. Quispe , Renzo Vera , Josimar Quiñones , José Angulo-Tisoc , César Lázaro , Alberto Manchego , Milagros Lostaunau , Edgar Valdez , Miguel Rojas , Dennis A. Navarro-Mamani
Emerging zoonotic diseases are frequently associated with close human-animal interactions in small-scale farming systems. Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) are widely raised for food in the Andean region, often under poor sanitary conditions; however, little is known about their role as reservoirs of enteric viruses with zoonotic potential. This study aimed to detect zoonotic RNA viruses in intestinal samples from guinea pigs raised on small-scale family farms in the Cusco region of Peru. A total of 34 intestinal tissue samples from adult guinea pigs showing gastrointestinal lesions were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR for the molecular detection of Coronavirus (CoV), Rotavirus A (RVA), Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV), and Kobuvirus (KoV). Positive amplicons were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically to confirm the PCR assays. Overall, 91.18% (31/34) of samples tested positive for at least one virus. RVA was the most frequently detected (58.82%), followed by CoV (29.41%), MRV (23.53%), and KoV (23.53%). Single-virus infections accounted for 20 cases and co-infections were identified in 11 cases. RVA was the most frequently detected, both in single (n = 9) and co-infections (n = 11). KoV detection was predominantly associated with co-infections rather than single infections. These findings provide the first molecular evidence of multiple zoonotic RNA viruses in guinea pigs from small-scale farming in Peru, highlighting their potential role as reservoirs in zoonotic transmission cycles. Enhanced surveillance and improved farm-level biosecurity are essential to mitigate risks of viral emergence in these traditional farming systems.
{"title":"Molecular detection of zoonotic RNA viruses in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) from small-scale family farming in the region of Cusco, Peru","authors":"Abel E. Quispe , Renzo Vera , Josimar Quiñones , José Angulo-Tisoc , César Lázaro , Alberto Manchego , Milagros Lostaunau , Edgar Valdez , Miguel Rojas , Dennis A. Navarro-Mamani","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging zoonotic diseases are frequently associated with close human-animal interactions in small-scale farming systems. Guinea pigs (<em>Cavia porcellus</em>) are widely raised for food in the Andean region, often under poor sanitary conditions; however, little is known about their role as reservoirs of enteric viruses with zoonotic potential. This study aimed to detect zoonotic RNA viruses in intestinal samples from guinea pigs raised on small-scale family farms in the Cusco region of Peru. A total of 34 intestinal tissue samples from adult guinea pigs showing gastrointestinal lesions were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR for the molecular detection of Coronavirus (CoV), Rotavirus A (RVA), <em>Mammalian orthoreovirus</em> (MRV), and Kobuvirus (KoV). Positive amplicons were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically to confirm the PCR assays. Overall, 91.18% (31/34) of samples tested positive for at least one virus. RVA was the most frequently detected (58.82%), followed by CoV (29.41%), MRV (23.53%), and KoV (23.53%). Single-virus infections accounted for 20 cases and co-infections were identified in 11 cases. RVA was the most frequently detected, both in single (<em>n</em> = 9) and co-infections (<em>n</em> = 11). KoV detection was predominantly associated with co-infections rather than single infections. These findings provide the first molecular evidence of multiple zoonotic RNA viruses in guinea pigs from small-scale farming in Peru, highlighting their potential role as reservoirs in zoonotic transmission cycles. Enhanced surveillance and improved farm-level biosecurity are essential to mitigate risks of viral emergence in these traditional farming systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne disease, causing high livestock morbidity and mortality, with potential human spillover. Rwanda has experienced repeated outbreaks, including significant ones in 2018 and 2022. In August 2024, a smaller localized outbreak was reported in Ngoma District, Eastern Province, providing insights into rapid detection, response, and recovery.
Methods
Following confirmation of the index case by RT-PCR, 4062 blood samples were collected through active community and slaughterhouse surveillance. Epidemiological and demographic data were analyzed, and supportive treatment was provided to confirmed cases. A One Health response was implemented, including livestock vaccination, vector control, and coordinated surveillance.
Results
Among sampled animals, 28 (0.69%) tested positive: 14 cattle, 9 goats, and 5 sheep. Sheep showed the highest infection rate (5.4%). Three animals died, yielding a case fatality rate of 10.7%, while 25 recovered after treatment. Positive cases clustered in six sectors near marshlands and the Akagera River. A total of 112,110 animals were vaccinated. No human cases were reported, and the outbreak was contained within 51 days.
Conclusions
Rapid detection, targeted treatment, and mass vaccination, implemented through a multisectoral One Health response, successfully contained the outbreak and prevented human spillover. Sustained surveillance and cross-border coordination remain essential to mitigate future RVF threats.
{"title":"Investigation and response to rift valley fever outbreak in ruminant livestock from Ngoma District, eastern province of Rwanda, 2024","authors":"Eugène Niyonzima , Florien Nkurunziza , Jean Damascene Ngaboyimana , Vestine Nyirandahiriwe , Felicien Mvuyekure , Fabrice Ndayisenga , Solange Uwituze , Denyse Mugwaneza , Eric Iradukunda , Vestine Uwitugabiye , Claire Murekatete , Anselme Shyaka","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne disease, causing high livestock morbidity and mortality, with potential human spillover. Rwanda has experienced repeated outbreaks, including significant ones in 2018 and 2022. In August 2024, a smaller localized outbreak was reported in Ngoma District, Eastern Province, providing insights into rapid detection, response, and recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following confirmation of the index case by RT-PCR, 4062 blood samples were collected through active community and slaughterhouse surveillance. Epidemiological and demographic data were analyzed, and supportive treatment was provided to confirmed cases. A One Health response was implemented, including livestock vaccination, vector control, and coordinated surveillance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among sampled animals, 28 (0.69%) tested positive: 14 cattle, 9 goats, and 5 sheep. Sheep showed the highest infection rate (5.4%). Three animals died, yielding a case fatality rate of 10.7%, while 25 recovered after treatment. Positive cases clustered in six sectors near marshlands and the Akagera River. A total of 112,110 animals were vaccinated. No human cases were reported, and the outbreak was contained within 51 days.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Rapid detection, targeted treatment, and mass vaccination, implemented through a multisectoral One Health response, successfully contained the outbreak and prevented human spillover. Sustained surveillance and cross-border coordination remain essential to mitigate future RVF threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101334
Alberto Perelló , José Sánchez-Cesteros , Patricia Barroso , David Relimpio , Víctor Lizana , Ana Balseiro , Christian Gortázar , Nuno Santos
Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonosis maintained by various domestic and wild mammals in complex episystems. Higher competent host species richness at the community level promotes infection maintenance. Consequently, it has been proposed to go beyond the classic one- or two-host systems, where only certain species were considered maintenance hosts, to address “maintenance communities” of multiple hosts with different levels of contribution to infection maintenance. A further factor in TB epidemiology is the environment. In the Iberian Peninsula, water availability has a strong influence on TB in wildlife and livestock. However, the relative importance of any single host species, the richness and network of interactions in each community, or the environment in driving infection maintenance is unknown. We addressed this complexity using structural equation modelling (SEM), a framework to analyze complex relationships between multiple variables. We analyzed 18 multi-host communities and assessed the effects of climate (humidity), mammal diversity, and host (cattle, wild boar, and red deer) abundance and connectedness on TB prevalence in wild boar and cattle. Red deer abundance and connectedness and wild boar connectedness were positively correlated with TB prevalence in wild boar. Humidity was negatively correlated with TB prevalence in wild boar and cattle. Red deer connectedness and the diversity of the mammal community were positively correlated with TB prevalence in cattle, while wild boar abundance was negatively correlated. Through SEM, we integrated host abundance with community network parameters, mammal diversity, and climate to reveal the drivers of TB maintenance in multi-host systems. Climate effects were stronger on cattle TB than on wild boar TB and these effects were superimposed to other risk factors such as red deer abundance and host community structure. Our findings suggest that TB eradication in cattle could be particularly challenging in regions with high competent host species richness and arid climate, with implications for livestock health, economic sustainability of cattle farms, and reduction of zoonotic risk in rural areas.
{"title":"Climate and mammal host community characteristics drive tuberculosis maintenance at the wildlife livestock interface","authors":"Alberto Perelló , José Sánchez-Cesteros , Patricia Barroso , David Relimpio , Víctor Lizana , Ana Balseiro , Christian Gortázar , Nuno Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonosis maintained by various domestic and wild mammals in complex episystems. Higher competent host species richness at the community level promotes infection maintenance. Consequently, it has been proposed to go beyond the classic one- or two-host systems, where only certain species were considered maintenance hosts, to address “maintenance communities” of multiple hosts with different levels of contribution to infection maintenance. A further factor in TB epidemiology is the environment. In the Iberian Peninsula, water availability has a strong influence on TB in wildlife and livestock. However, the relative importance of any single host species, the richness and network of interactions in each community, or the environment in driving infection maintenance is unknown. We addressed this complexity using structural equation modelling (SEM), a framework to analyze complex relationships between multiple variables. We analyzed 18 multi-host communities and assessed the effects of climate (humidity), mammal diversity, and host (cattle, wild boar, and red deer) abundance and connectedness on TB prevalence in wild boar and cattle. Red deer abundance and connectedness and wild boar connectedness were positively correlated with TB prevalence in wild boar. Humidity was negatively correlated with TB prevalence in wild boar and cattle. Red deer connectedness and the diversity of the mammal community were positively correlated with TB prevalence in cattle, while wild boar abundance was negatively correlated. Through SEM, we integrated host abundance with community network parameters, mammal diversity, and climate to reveal the drivers of TB maintenance in multi-host systems. Climate effects were stronger on cattle TB than on wild boar TB and these effects were superimposed to other risk factors such as red deer abundance and host community structure. Our findings suggest that TB eradication in cattle could be particularly challenging in regions with high competent host species richness and arid climate, with implications for livestock health, economic sustainability of cattle farms, and reduction of zoonotic risk in rural areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101334"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101324
Andrew Omame , Nicola Luigi Bragazzi , Ali Asgary , Chigozie Louisa J. Ugwu , Jude Dzevela Kong , Jianhong Wu , Woldegebriel Assefa Woldegerima
Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease that has gained global attention due to its recurrent outbreaks in endemic regions of Africa and beyond. The recent clade I outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has been characterized by extensive transmission among children – particularly those under 15 years of age – and adults with elevated occupational risks, such as healthcare workers, sex workers, and hunters. Motivated by emerging evidence that vaccination alone may not explain the observed decline in mpox transmission across the DRC, and recognizing that behavioural modification is more feasible among adults, this study investigates the synergistic impact of vaccination and behaviour-driven contact reduction among high-risk adults within an age- and risk-structured modelling framework. The model stratifies the population into adults (high- and low-risk groups) and children. It incorporates vaccination for both adults and children, as well as behavioural adaptations (in the form of contact reduction) among high-risk adults. The model is calibrated to weekly reported mpox cases in the DRC from January 2024 to April 2025, from which key parameters are estimated. Scenario analyses reveal that among the adult population, behavioural change has a greater impact than vaccination in reducing mpox transmission. The model indicated that vaccination targeting children yielded the most significant effects, in comparison to either contact-reduction measures or immunization of adults. Moreover, our results indicate that initiating a 50% reduction in contact rates among high-risk adults approximately 20 weeks earlier yields an additional 20% decrease in the cumulative number of mpox cases, compared with implementing the same reduction concurrently with the vaccination intervention in the DRC. Given the current low vaccination coverage and supply constraints, our findings provide evidence-based guidance for optimizing vaccine allocation and prioritizing behavioural interventions among high-risk groups to prevent sustained transmission.
{"title":"Assessing the impact of vaccination and behavioural change on Mpox transmission in high-risk groups in the Democratic Republic of Congo using an age-structured mathematical model","authors":"Andrew Omame , Nicola Luigi Bragazzi , Ali Asgary , Chigozie Louisa J. Ugwu , Jude Dzevela Kong , Jianhong Wu , Woldegebriel Assefa Woldegerima","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease that has gained global attention due to its recurrent outbreaks in endemic regions of Africa and beyond. The recent clade I outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has been characterized by extensive transmission among children – particularly those under 15 years of age – and adults with elevated occupational risks, such as healthcare workers, sex workers, and hunters. Motivated by emerging evidence that vaccination alone may not explain the observed decline in mpox transmission across the DRC, and recognizing that behavioural modification is more feasible among adults, this study investigates the synergistic impact of vaccination and behaviour-driven contact reduction among high-risk adults within an age- and risk-structured modelling framework. The model stratifies the population into adults (high- and low-risk groups) and children. It incorporates vaccination for both adults and children, as well as behavioural adaptations (in the form of contact reduction) among high-risk adults. The model is calibrated to weekly reported mpox cases in the DRC from January 2024 to April 2025, from which key parameters are estimated. Scenario analyses reveal that among the adult population, behavioural change has a greater impact than vaccination in reducing mpox transmission. The model indicated that vaccination targeting children yielded the most significant effects, in comparison to either contact-reduction measures or immunization of adults. Moreover, our results indicate that initiating a 50% reduction in contact rates among high-risk adults approximately 20 weeks earlier yields an additional 20% decrease in the cumulative number of mpox cases, compared with implementing the same reduction concurrently with the vaccination intervention in the DRC. Given the current low vaccination coverage and supply constraints, our findings provide evidence-based guidance for optimizing vaccine allocation and prioritizing behavioural interventions among high-risk groups to prevent sustained transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101331
Francesca Dagostin , Diana Erazo , Giovanni Marini , Daniele Da Re , Valentina Tagliapietra , Maria Avdicova , Tatjana Avšič-Županc , Timothée Dub , Nahuel Fiorito , Nataša Knap , Céline M. Gossner , Jana Kerlik , Henna Mäkelä , Mateusz Markowicz , Roya Olyazadeh , Lukas Richter , William Wint , Maria Grazia Zuccali , Milda Žygutienė , Simon Dellicour , Annapaola Rizzoli
Background
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), is a zoonotic disease that can lead to severe neurological symptoms. Given the increasing number of reported human TBE cases in Europe, we developed a spatio-temporal predictive model to infer the year-to-year probability of human TBE occurrence across Europe at the regional and municipal administrative levels.
Methods
We derived the distribution of human TBE cases at the regional level during 2017–2022 by using data provided by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and at the municipal level by using data provided by Austria, Finland, Italy, Lithuania, and Slovakia. We modeled the probability of presence of human TBE cases at the regional and municipal levels for the period 2017–2025 with a boosted regression trees model, including covariates that affect both the natural hazard of virus circulation and human exposure to tick bites.
Findings
Areas with the highest probability of human TBE infections are located in central-eastern Europe, the Baltic states, and along the coastline of Nordic countries. Our results highlight a statistically significant rising trend in human TBE risk not only in north-western, but also in south-western European countries. Such areas are characterised by the presence of key tick host species, forested areas, intense human activity in forests, steep drops in late summer temperatures and high precipitation amounts during the driest months. The model showed good predictive performance, with a mean AUC of 0.84 (SD = 0.03), sensitivity of 0.83 (SD = 0.01), and specificity of 0.80 (SD = 0.01) at the regional level, and a mean AUC of 0.82 (SD = 0.03), sensitivity of 0.83 (SD = 0.01), and specificity of 0.69 (SD = 0.01) at the municipal level.
Interpretation
With ongoing climate and land use changes, the number of human TBE cases is likely to increase and spread into new areas. This highlights the importance of predictive models that can identify potential risk areas to support disease prevention and control efforts by public health authorities. The approach adopted, by fitting a One Health framework and leveraging lagged covaries, enables timely one-year-ahead predictions and enhances our current understanding of TBE risk under a global change scenario.
{"title":"Predicting the spatio-temporal risk of human tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe by combining hazard and exposure drivers","authors":"Francesca Dagostin , Diana Erazo , Giovanni Marini , Daniele Da Re , Valentina Tagliapietra , Maria Avdicova , Tatjana Avšič-Županc , Timothée Dub , Nahuel Fiorito , Nataša Knap , Céline M. Gossner , Jana Kerlik , Henna Mäkelä , Mateusz Markowicz , Roya Olyazadeh , Lukas Richter , William Wint , Maria Grazia Zuccali , Milda Žygutienė , Simon Dellicour , Annapaola Rizzoli","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), is a zoonotic disease that can lead to severe neurological symptoms. Given the increasing number of reported human TBE cases in Europe, we developed a spatio-temporal predictive model to infer the year-to-year probability of human TBE occurrence across Europe at the regional and municipal administrative levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We derived the distribution of human TBE cases at the regional level during 2017–2022 by using data provided by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and at the municipal level by using data provided by Austria, Finland, Italy, Lithuania, and Slovakia. We modeled the probability of presence of human TBE cases at the regional and municipal levels for the period 2017–2025 with a boosted regression trees model, including covariates that affect both the natural hazard of virus circulation and human exposure to tick bites.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Areas with the highest probability of human TBE infections are located in central-eastern Europe, the Baltic states, and along the coastline of Nordic countries. Our results highlight a statistically significant rising trend in human TBE risk not only in north-western, but also in south-western European countries. Such areas are characterised by the presence of key tick host species, forested areas, intense human activity in forests, steep drops in late summer temperatures and high precipitation amounts during the driest months. The model showed good predictive performance, with a mean AUC of 0.84 (SD = 0.03), sensitivity of 0.83 (SD = 0.01), and specificity of 0.80 (SD = 0.01) at the regional level, and a mean AUC of 0.82 (SD = 0.03), sensitivity of 0.83 (SD = 0.01), and specificity of 0.69 (SD = 0.01) at the municipal level.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>With ongoing climate and land use changes, the number of human TBE cases is likely to increase and spread into new areas. This highlights the importance of predictive models that can identify potential risk areas to support disease prevention and control efforts by public health authorities. The approach adopted, by fitting a One Health framework and leveraging lagged covaries, enables timely one-year-ahead predictions and enhances our current understanding of TBE risk under a global change scenario.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101325
Fergal Donnelly , Nikolaos I. Stilianakis
One Health governance involves the integrated coordination and management of policies, programs, and activities addressing the interconnected health of humans, animals, and the environment. Its development and implementation necessitate collaboration and coordination across various sectors and require significant resources. Consequently, key performance indicators are essential for monitoring progress and informing adaptations. Additionally, integrative surveillance systems encompassing human, animal, and environmental health sources, along with digital technologies and interoperable data systems, are crucial components for effective governance. These elements collectively foster health and well-being in a holistic manner.
{"title":"Key aspects of One Health governance in the European Union","authors":"Fergal Donnelly , Nikolaos I. Stilianakis","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One Health governance involves the integrated coordination and management of policies, programs, and activities addressing the interconnected health of humans, animals, and the environment. Its development and implementation necessitate collaboration and coordination across various sectors and require significant resources. Consequently, key performance indicators are essential for monitoring progress and informing adaptations. Additionally, integrative surveillance systems encompassing human, animal, and environmental health sources, along with digital technologies and interoperable data systems, are crucial components for effective governance. These elements collectively foster health and well-being in a holistic manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101325"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101328
Karolina Volfová , Václav Hönig , Michal Houda , Petr Papežík , Paulina Maria Lesiczka , Manoj Fonville , Hein Sprong , Barbora Černá Bolfíková , Pavel Hulva , Daniel Růžek , Lada Hofmannová , Jan Votýpka , David Modrý
Tick-borne zoonoses pose a major challenge to human and animal health, driving efforts to monitor the distribution, intensity, and diversity of their causative agents. Within the One Health framework, which links human, animal, and environmental health, integrated surveillance strategies are increasingly needed. However, most studies focus on tick vectors, while vertebrate reservoirs are often overlooked due to labour-intensive sampling, the need for specialized skills, and legislative or species protection constraints.
This study evaluated whether carcasses of accidentally killed wildlife (primarily roadkill) can serve as a source of biological material for vector-borne pathogen surveillance, with a focus on urban habitats due to their public health relevance. Hedgehogs, squirrels, and blackbirds were selected as synanthropic species that thrive in cities, are commonly infested by ticks, and act as hosts for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens (TBPs).
A total of 268 carcasses (125 hedgehogs, 55 squirrels, and 88 blackbirds) were collected across multiple Czech cities with public assistance. Overall, 1836 tissue samples were analyzed using multiplex real-time PCR assays targeting over ten microorganisms. Detection efficiency was compared across tissues, with ear and skin consistently the most reliable and versatile sample types. Individual pathogen-host-tissue combinations reached 65–93% efficiency, highlighting the value of multi-tissue sampling. The most prevalent TBPs detected were Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Bartonella spp., and Rickettsia helvetica.
In conclusion, carcasses of accidentally killed urban wildlife provide a practical and valuable resource for TBP surveillance, complementing vector-focused methods. This approach supports One Health principles by integrating wildlife monitoring into urban disease surveillance efforts.
{"title":"Turning urban wildlife mortality into a surveillance tool: Detection of vector-borne pathogens in carcasses of hedgehogs, squirrels, and blackbirds","authors":"Karolina Volfová , Václav Hönig , Michal Houda , Petr Papežík , Paulina Maria Lesiczka , Manoj Fonville , Hein Sprong , Barbora Černá Bolfíková , Pavel Hulva , Daniel Růžek , Lada Hofmannová , Jan Votýpka , David Modrý","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tick-borne zoonoses pose a major challenge to human and animal health, driving efforts to monitor the distribution, intensity, and diversity of their causative agents. Within the One Health framework, which links human, animal, and environmental health, integrated surveillance strategies are increasingly needed. However, most studies focus on tick vectors, while vertebrate reservoirs are often overlooked due to labour-intensive sampling, the need for specialized skills, and legislative or species protection constraints.</div><div>This study evaluated whether carcasses of accidentally killed wildlife (primarily roadkill) can serve as a source of biological material for vector-borne pathogen surveillance, with a focus on urban habitats due to their public health relevance. Hedgehogs, squirrels, and blackbirds were selected as synanthropic species that thrive in cities, are commonly infested by ticks, and act as hosts for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens (TBPs).</div><div>A total of 268 carcasses (125 hedgehogs, 55 squirrels, and 88 blackbirds) were collected across multiple Czech cities with public assistance. Overall, 1836 tissue samples were analyzed using multiplex real-time PCR assays targeting over ten microorganisms. Detection efficiency was compared across tissues, with ear and skin consistently the most reliable and versatile sample types. Individual pathogen-host-tissue combinations reached 65–93% efficiency, highlighting the value of multi-tissue sampling. The most prevalent TBPs detected were <em>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</em>, <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> s.l., <em>Bartonella</em> spp., and <em>Rickettsia helvetica</em>.</div><div>In conclusion, carcasses of accidentally killed urban wildlife provide a practical and valuable resource for TBP surveillance, complementing vector-focused methods. This approach supports One Health principles by integrating wildlife monitoring into urban disease surveillance efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101326
Elisa Fesce , Josué Martínez-de la Puente , Martina Ferraguti
Mosquito populations are shaped by a variety of environmental drivers, including temperature fluctuations, habitat alterations, and physicochemical factors. These drivers impact mosquito community composition, influencing the spread of vector-borne diseases. Species differ in their sensitivity to environmental changes, with some thriving in anthropogenic landscapes and others exhibit preferences for natural habitats. Abiotic factors such as temperature, water pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen strongly affect larval survival and development, while interspecific competition among larvae shapes community structure and species abundance, impacting pathogen transmission. Mosquito feeding preferences further influence pathogen transmission by determining host selection; with opportunistic mosquito species that can act as bridge vectors between humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, facilitating the spread of zoonotic pathogens. In this respect, understanding the dynamics of zoonotic pathogens requires a One Health approach that integrates human, animal and environmental health. Mathematical models, in particular, draw on ecological, environmental and biological factors to elucidate mosquito population dynamics and disease transmission, reinforcing the importance of adopting an integrated perspective. We examine the key environmental, ecological, and biological factors shaping mosquito community composition, and highlight the role of mathematical modelling in clarifying how these factors influence mosquito-borne disease transmission. Our findings emphasize that vector surveillance and control programs should target specific vector species in relevant habitats to optimize effectiveness and reduce economic costs.
{"title":"The ecology of biting: buzzing through the main ecological, environmental and biological drivers of mosquito-borne diseases","authors":"Elisa Fesce , Josué Martínez-de la Puente , Martina Ferraguti","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2026.101326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mosquito populations are shaped by a variety of environmental drivers, including temperature fluctuations, habitat alterations, and physicochemical factors. These drivers impact mosquito community composition, influencing the spread of vector-borne diseases. Species differ in their sensitivity to environmental changes, with some thriving in anthropogenic landscapes and others exhibit preferences for natural habitats. Abiotic factors such as temperature, water pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen strongly affect larval survival and development, while interspecific competition among larvae shapes community structure and species abundance, impacting pathogen transmission. Mosquito feeding preferences further influence pathogen transmission by determining host selection; with opportunistic mosquito species that can act as bridge vectors between humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, facilitating the spread of zoonotic pathogens. In this respect, understanding the dynamics of zoonotic pathogens requires a One Health approach that integrates human, animal and environmental health. Mathematical models, in particular, draw on ecological, environmental and biological factors to elucidate mosquito population dynamics and disease transmission, reinforcing the importance of adopting an integrated perspective. We examine the key environmental, ecological, and biological factors shaping mosquito community composition, and highlight the role of mathematical modelling in clarifying how these factors influence mosquito-borne disease transmission. Our findings emphasize that vector surveillance and control programs should target specific vector species in relevant habitats to optimize effectiveness and reduce economic costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101326"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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