Sensory impairments and the risk of cognitive decline and dementia across sex, age, and regions: Longitudinal insights from Europe

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY Archives of gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2024.105584

Sören Möller , Jesper Lykkegaard , Rikke Syrak Hansen , Lonny Stokholm , Niels Kristian Kjær , Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt

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Abstract

Background

In aging populations, understanding predictors of cognitive decline is essential. We aimed to investigate the risk of cognitive decline and dementia by sensory impairments across sex, age, and European regions, and examined the mediating role of activities of daily living (ADL), physical activity, and depressive symptoms.

Methods

A cohort study of 72,287 Europeans aged 50+ participating in at least two waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. We employed mixed-effects and time-to-event models, incorporating sex interactions, and adjusting for socio-demographic factors and medical history.

Results

Compared to individuals with good vision and hearing, lower cognitive function was found for people with vision impairment (VI) (males: coef. -0.70, 95 % CI -0.95; -0.46; females: coef. -1.12, 95 % CI -1.33; -0.92), hearing impairment (HI) (males: coef. -0.64, 95 % CI -0.93; -0.35; females: coef. -0.96, 95 % CI -1.27; -0.65) and dual sensory impairment (DSI, i.e. VI and HI) (males: coef. -1.81, 95 % CI -2.16; -1.46; females: coef. -2.71, 95 % CI -3.05; -2.38), particularly among females. Moreover, higher dementia risk was observed among participants with VI (hazard ratio (HR) 1.29, 95 % CI 1.17; 1.43), HI (HR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.05; 1.34), and DSI (HR 1.62, 95 % CI 1.45; 1.81) with no sex-interactions. Findings were overall consistent across age and European regions.

Conclusion

The results suggest the necessity of preventing sensory impairments to maintain good cognitive function. Mitigating depressive symptoms, ADL limitations, and physical inactivity could potentially reduce a significant portion of the total effect of sensory impairments on cognitive decline.

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不同性别、年龄和地区的感官障碍与认知能力下降和痴呆症的风险：欧洲的纵向研究

背景在老龄人口中，了解认知能力下降的预测因素至关重要。我们旨在调查不同性别、年龄和欧洲地区的感官障碍导致认知能力下降和痴呆症的风险，并研究日常生活活动（ADL）、体力活动和抑郁症状的中介作用。结果与视力和听力良好的人相比，视力受损（VI）者的认知功能较低（男性：系数为-0.70，95 % C系数为-0.70，95 % C系数为-0.70，95 % C系数为-0.70，95 % C系数为-0.70）。-0.70，95 % CI -0.95；-0.46；女性：coef.-1.12，95 % CI -1.33; -0.92）、听力障碍（HI）（男性：系数：-0.64，95 % CI -0.95；女性：系数：-0.46，95 % CI -1.33; -0.92）。男性：系数 -0.64，95 % CI -0.93；-0.35；女性：系数 -0.96，95 % CI -1.33；-0.92。-0.96，95 % CI -1.27; -0.65）和双重感觉障碍（DSI，即 VI 和 HI）（男性：系数：-1.81，95 % CI -1.27; -0.65）。-1.81，95 % CI -2.16；-1.46；女性：系数-2.71，95 % CI -3.05; -2.38），尤其是女性。此外，在患有 VI（危险比 (HR) 1.29，95 % CI 1.17; 1.43）、HI（HR 1.18，95 % CI 1.05; 1.34）和 DSI（HR 1.62，95 % CI 1.45; 1.81）的参与者中观察到更高的痴呆风险，且无性别交互作用。不同年龄和欧洲地区的研究结果总体上是一致的。减轻抑郁症状、ADL 限制和缺乏运动可能会减少感官障碍对认知功能衰退总影响的很大一部分。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 医学-老年医学

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

5.00%

发文量

198

审稿时长

16 days

期刊介绍： Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics provides a medium for the publication of papers from the fields of experimental gerontology and clinical and social geriatrics. The principal aim of the journal is to facilitate the exchange of information between specialists in these three fields of gerontological research. Experimental papers dealing with the basic mechanisms of aging at molecular, cellular, tissue or organ levels will be published. Clinical papers will be accepted if they provide sufficiently new information or are of fundamental importance for the knowledge of human aging. Purely descriptive clinical papers will be accepted only if the results permit further interpretation. Papers dealing with anti-aging pharmacological preparations in humans are welcome. Papers on the social aspects of geriatrics will be accepted if they are of general interest regarding the epidemiology of aging and the efficiency and working methods of the social organizations for the health care of the elderly.