A mesophilic relative of common glacier algae, Ancylonema palustre sp. nov., provides insights into the induction of vacuolar pigments in zygnematophytes

IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Environmental microbiology Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI:10.1111/1462-2920.16680
Anna Busch, Emilia Slominski, Daniel Remias, Lenka Procházková, Sebastian Hess
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Abstract

The green algae of the genus Ancylonema, which belong to the zygnematophytes, are prevalent colonizers of glaciers worldwide. They display a striking reddish-brown pigmentation in their natural environment, due to vacuolar compounds related to gallic acid. This pigmentation causes glacier darkening when these algae bloom, leading to increased melting rates. The Ancylonema species known so far are true psychrophiles, which hinders experimental work and limits our understanding of these algae. For instance, the biosynthesis, triggering factors, and biological function of Ancylonema's secondary pigments remain unknown. In this study, we introduce a mesophilic Ancylonema species, A. palustre sp. nov., from temperate moorlands. This species forms the sister lineage to all known psychrophilic strains. Despite its morphological similarity to the latter, it exhibits unique autecological and photophysiological characteristics. It allows us to describe vegetative and sexual cellular processes in great detail. We also conducted experimental tests for abiotic factors that induce the secondary pigments of zygnematophytes. We found that low nutrient conditions combined with ultraviolet B radiation result in vacuolar pigmentation, suggesting a sunscreen function. Our thriving, bacteria-free cultures of Ancylonema palustre will enable comparative genomic studies of mesophilic and extremophilic zygnematophytes. These studies may provide insights into how Ancylonema species colonized the world's glaciers.

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一种常见冰川藻类的嗜中性亲缘植物 Ancylonema palustre sp.
属于子囊藻的安西龙藻(Ancylonema)属绿藻是全球冰川的主要定居者。由于含有与没食子酸有关的空泡化合物,它们在自然环境中显示出惊人的红褐色色素。当这些藻类大量繁殖时,这种色素会使冰川变黑,导致冰川融化速度加快。目前已知的 Ancylonema 物种是真正的精神藻类,这阻碍了实验工作,限制了我们对这些藻类的了解。例如,Ancylonema 的次生色素的生物合成、触发因素和生物功能仍然未知。在本研究中,我们从温带荒地中引入了一个中嗜温的 Ancylonema 物种--A. palustre sp.该物种是所有已知精神嗜性菌株的姊妹系。尽管其形态与后者相似,但却表现出独特的自生态学和光生理学特征。通过它,我们可以详细描述无性繁殖和有性生殖的细胞过程。我们还对诱导子囊菌次生色素的非生物因素进行了实验测试。我们发现,低营养条件加上紫外线 B 辐射会导致空泡色素沉着,这表明它具有防晒功能。我们对嗜中性和嗜极性子囊菌进行的无细菌培养将有助于对嗜中性和嗜极性子囊菌进行基因组比较研究。这些研究可能有助于了解 Ancylonema 物种是如何在世界冰川上定居的。
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来源期刊
Environmental microbiology
Environmental microbiology 环境科学-微生物学
CiteScore
9.90
自引率
3.90%
发文量
427
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Microbiology provides a high profile vehicle for publication of the most innovative, original and rigorous research in the field. The scope of the Journal encompasses the diversity of current research on microbial processes in the environment, microbial communities, interactions and evolution and includes, but is not limited to, the following: the structure, activities and communal behaviour of microbial communities microbial community genetics and evolutionary processes microbial symbioses, microbial interactions and interactions with plants, animals and abiotic factors microbes in the tree of life, microbial diversification and evolution population biology and clonal structure microbial metabolic and structural diversity microbial physiology, growth and survival microbes and surfaces, adhesion and biofouling responses to environmental signals and stress factors modelling and theory development pollution microbiology extremophiles and life in extreme and unusual little-explored habitats element cycles and biogeochemical processes, primary and secondary production microbes in a changing world, microbially-influenced global changes evolution and diversity of archaeal and bacterial viruses new technological developments in microbial ecology and evolution, in particular for the study of activities of microbial communities, non-culturable microorganisms and emerging pathogens
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