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Another tool in the toolbox: Aphid-specific Wolbachia protect against fungal pathogens 工具箱中的另一种工具蚜虫特异性狼杆菌可抵御真菌病原体
IF 5.1 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.70005
Clesson H. V. Higashi, Vilas Patel, Bryan Kamalaker, Rahul Inaganti, Alberto Bressan, Jacob A. Russell, Kerry M. Oliver
Aphids harbor nine common facultative symbionts, most mediating one or more ecological interactions. Wolbachia pipientis, well-studied in other arthropods, remains poorly characterized in aphids. In Pentalonia nigronervosa and P. caladii, global pests of banana, Wolbachia was initially hypothesized to function as a co-obligate nutritional symbiont alongside the traditional obligate Buchnera. However, genomic analyses failed to support this role. Our sampling across numerous populations revealed that more than 80% of Pentalonia aphids carried an M-supergroup strain of Wolbachia (wPni). The lack of fixation further supports a facultative status for Wolbachia, while high infection frequencies in these entirely asexual aphids strongly suggest Wolbachia confers net fitness benefits. Finding no correlation between Wolbachia presence and food plant use, we challenged Wolbachia-infected aphids with common natural enemies. Bioassays revealed that Wolbachia conferred significant protection against a specialized fungal pathogen (Pandora neoaphidis) but not against generalist pathogens or parasitoids. Wolbachia also improved aphid fitness in the absence of enemy challenge. Thus, we identified the first clear benefits for aphid-associated Wolbachia and M-supergroup strains specifically. Aphid-Wolbachia systems provide unique opportunities to merge key models of symbiosis to better understand infection dynamics and mechanisms underpinning symbiont-mediated phenotypes.
蚜虫体内有九种常见的面共生体,其中大多数介导着一种或多种生态相互作用。Wolbachia pipientis 在其他节肢动物中研究得很透彻,但在蚜虫中的特征还很模糊。在香蕉的全球性害虫 Pentalonia nigronervosa 和 P. caladii 中,最初假定 Wolbachia 与传统的强制性营养共生体 Buchnera 一起发挥共生作用。然而,基因组分析未能支持这一假设。我们在众多种群中取样发现,超过 80% 的 Pentalonia 蚜虫携带有 Wolbachia 的 M 超群菌株(wPni)。Wolbachia缺乏固定性进一步证明了它的临时性地位,而在这些完全无性繁殖的蚜虫中的高感染频率则有力地证明了Wolbachia带来的净适应性益处。我们发现沃尔巴克氏体的存在与食用植物的使用之间没有关联,于是用常见的天敌来挑战感染了沃尔巴克氏体的蚜虫。生物测定显示,沃尔巴克氏体对一种专门的真菌病原体(Pandora neoaphidis)有显著的保护作用,但对普通病原体或寄生虫没有保护作用。在没有敌害挑战的情况下,沃尔巴克氏菌还能提高蚜虫的适应能力。因此,我们首次发现了与蚜虫相关的狼杆菌和 M 超群菌株的明显益处。蚜虫-狼杆菌系统为合并共生的关键模型提供了独特的机会,以更好地了解感染动态和共生体介导表型的基础机制。
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引用次数: 0
Bacterial communities on giant kelp in the Magellan Strait: Geographical and intra-thallus patterns 麦哲伦海峡巨型海藻上的细菌群落:地理和表皮内模式
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.70003
Daniela F. Soto, Camilo Muñoz, Pirjo Huovinen, José Garcés-Vargas, Iván Gómez

The giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera is categorized as a keystone species, forming highly productive forests that provide ecosystem services and host a remarkable marine biodiversity of macro and microorganisms. The association of microorganisms with the algae is close and can be functionally interdependent. The Magellan Strait, a natural marine passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, harbours extensive giant kelp forests. However, information related to the diversity of bacterial communities in this region is still scarce. In this study, 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding was used to characterize the diversity and composition of bacterial communities associated with apical blades and sporophylls of M. pyrifera from different sites (Bahía Buzo, San Gregorio, and Buque Quemado). Additionally, data from satellites and reanalysis, as well as tide data, were used to characterize the environmental variability. The findings revealed discernible local variations in bacterial taxa across sampling sites, with consistent dominance of Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetes. Furthermore, a distinctive bacterial community structure was identified between apical and sporophyll blades of M. pyrifera. This research marks the inaugural characterization of bacterial community diversity and composition associated with M. pyrifera in the remote and understudied sub-Antarctic region of the Magellan Strait.

巨型海带(Macrocystis pyrifera)被归类为基石物种,它形成了高产森林,提供生态系统服务,并承载着巨大的海洋生物多样性,包括大型生物和微生物。微生物与藻类的关系密切,在功能上相互依存。麦哲伦海峡是大西洋和太平洋之间的天然海洋通道,拥有广阔的巨型海藻林。然而,有关该地区细菌群落多样性的信息仍然很少。在这项研究中,利用 16S rRNA 基因代谢编码来描述不同地点(Bahía Buzo、San Gregorio 和 Buque Quemado)与 M. pyrifera 顶端叶片和孢子叶相关的细菌群落的多样性和组成。此外,还利用卫星和再分析数据以及潮汐数据来描述环境变化的特征。研究结果表明,各采样点的细菌类群存在明显的局部差异,其中变形菌、疣藻菌、类杆菌和平面菌始终占据主导地位。此外,还在梨叶藻的顶端叶片和孢子叶片之间发现了独特的细菌群落结构。这项研究首次描述了麦哲伦海峡这一偏远且研究不足的亚南极地区与海草相关的细菌群落多样性和组成。
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引用次数: 0
Bee microbiomes in a changing climate: Investigating the effects of temperature on solitary bee life history and health 不断变化的气候中的蜜蜂微生物群:调查温度对独居蜜蜂生活史和健康的影响
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.70002
Bailey L. Crowley, Robert N. Schaeffer

Climate change is rapidly warming thermal environments, an important abiotic stimulus governing interactions between microbial symbionts and their hosts. Increasing evidence suggests that solitary bees rely on pollen provision microbes for successful development. However, the effects of heat stress on provision microbiota and the resulting consequences for larval health and development remain to be examined. We performed an in vitro study to investigate the effects of the thermal environment on provision microbiome composition and measured fitness outcomes for Osmia lignaria larvae. While pollen sterilisation removed bacteria from microbe-rich provisions, larval survivorship did not significantly differ between bees reared on microbe-rich (unmanipulated) diets and provisions treated with ethylene oxide (EO) gas. In contrast to previous research in solitary bees, larvae reared on EO-treated provisions weighed more and had higher total fat content, with temperature moderating the degree of difference. As anticipated, we observed a negative relationship between the duration of larval development and temperature. Our results indicated that an intact provision microbiota may not always improve bee fitness and that bee-microbe interactions during larval development may contribute to the size-shrinking effect observed for cavity-nesting bees under warming conditions.

气候变化正在使热环境迅速变暖,这是影响微生物共生体与其宿主之间相互作用的重要非生物刺激因素。越来越多的证据表明,独居蜜蜂的成功发育依赖于花粉供给微生物。然而,热应激对花粉供给微生物群的影响以及由此对幼虫健康和发育造成的后果仍有待研究。我们进行了一项体外研究,调查热环境对花粉供给微生物群组成的影响,并测量了茭白幼虫的健康状况。虽然花粉灭菌可去除富含微生物的饲料中的细菌,但幼虫存活率在富含微生物(未经人工处理)的饲料和经环氧乙烷(EO)气体处理的饲料中并无显著差异。与之前对独居蜜蜂的研究不同的是,使用环氧乙烷处理过的饲料饲养的幼虫体重更大,总脂肪含量更高,而温度对差异程度有调节作用。正如预期的那样,我们观察到幼虫发育持续时间与温度之间呈负相关。我们的研究结果表明,完整的饲料微生物群不一定总能提高蜜蜂的体质,幼虫发育过程中蜜蜂与微生物的相互作用可能会导致穴巢蜜蜂在气候变暖条件下体型缩小。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the ecological versatility of Tetracladium species in temperate forest soils 了解温带森林土壤中四cladium 物种的生态多样性。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.70001
Anna Lazar, Richard P. Phillips, Stephanie Kivlin, Gary D. Bending, Ryan M. Mushinski

Although Tetracladium species have traditionally been studied as aquatic saprotrophs, the growing number of metagenomic and metabarcoding reports detecting them in soil environments raises important questions about their ecological adaptability and versatility. We investigated the factors associated with the relative abundance, diversity and ecological dynamics of Tetracladium in temperate forest soils. Through amplicon sequencing of soil samples collected from 54 stands in six forest sites across the eastern United States, we identified 29 distinct Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) representing Tetracladium, with large differences in relative abundance and small changes in ASV community composition among sites. Tetracladium richness was positively related to soil pH, soil temperature, total sulphur and silt content, and negatively related to plant litter quality, such as the lignin-to-nitrogen ratio and the lignocellulose index. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated negative relationships between Tetracladium and other abundant fungal groups, including ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Collectively, our findings highlight the ecological significance of Tetracladium in temperate forest soils and emphasize the importance of site-specific factors and microbial interactions in shaping their distribution patterns and ecological dynamics.

尽管传统上人们一直将四碳鳞霉菌作为水生噬菌体进行研究,但越来越多的元基因组学和代谢编码报告发现土壤环境中存在四碳鳞霉菌,这就提出了有关其生态适应性和多功能性的重要问题。我们研究了与温带森林土壤中四cladium 的相对丰度、多样性和生态动态相关的因素。通过对从美国东部六个森林地点的 54 个林地采集的土壤样本进行扩增子测序,我们发现了 29 个不同的扩增子序列变体(ASV)代表四碳鳞茎,不同地点之间的相对丰度差异很大,ASV 群落组成变化很小。四碳鳞茎的丰富度与土壤pH值、土壤温度、全硫和淤泥含量呈正相关,而与植物枯落物的质量(如木质素与氮的比率和木质纤维素指数)呈负相关。共生网络分析表明,四孢鳞霉与其他丰富的真菌群(包括外生菌根真菌和丛枝菌根真菌)之间存在负相关关系。总之,我们的研究结果凸显了Tetracladium在温带森林土壤中的生态意义,并强调了特定地点因素和微生物相互作用在形成其分布模式和生态动态方面的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Production and utilization of pseudocobalamin in marine Synechococcus cultures and communities 海洋 Synechococcus 培养物和群落中假钴胺素的生产和利用
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16701
Catherine C. Bannon, Maria A. Soto, Elden Rowland, Nan Chen, Anna Gleason, Emmanuel Devred, Julie LaRoche, Erin M. Bertrand

Cobalamin influences marine microbial communities because an exogenous source is required by most eukaryotic phytoplankton, and demand can exceed supply. Pseudocobalamin is a cobalamin analogue produced and used by most cyanobacteria but is not directly available to eukaryotic phytoplankton. Some microbes can remodel pseudocobalamin into cobalamin, but a scarcity of pseudocobalamin measurements impedes our ability to evaluate its importance for marine cobalamin production. Here, we perform simultaneous measurements of pseudocobalamin and methionine synthase (MetH), the key protein that uses it as a co-factor, in Synechococcus cultures and communities. In Synechococcus sp. WH8102, pseudocobalamin quota decreases in low temperature (17°C) and low nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, while MetH did not. Pseudocobalamin and MetH quotas were influenced by culture methods and growth phase. Despite the variability present in cultures, we found a comparably consistent quota of 300 ± 100 pseudocobalamin molecules per cyanobacterial cell in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, suggesting that cyanobacterial cell counts may be sufficient to estimate pseudocobalamin inventories in this region. This work offers insights into cellular pseudocobalamin metabolism, environmental and physiological conditions that may influence it, and provides environmental measurements to further our understanding of when and how pseudocobalamin can influence marine microbial communities.

钴胺素会影响海洋微生物群落,因为大多数真核浮游植物都需要外源钴胺素,而且可能供不应求。伪钴胺素是大多数蓝藻产生和使用的钴胺素类似物,但真核浮游植物无法直接获得。一些微生物可以将假钴胺素重塑为钴胺素,但假钴胺素测量数据的缺乏妨碍了我们评估其对海洋钴胺素生产的重要性。在这里,我们同时测量了假钴胺素和蛋氨酸合成酶(MetH)的含量,蛋氨酸合成酶是将假钴胺素用作辅助因子的关键蛋白质。在 Synechococcus sp. WH8102 中,假钴胺素配额在低温(17°C)和低氮磷比的条件下会减少,而 MetH 则不会。假钴胺和 MetH 的配额受培养方法和生长阶段的影响。尽管培养物存在变异,但我们发现西北大西洋每个蓝藻细胞的假钴胺(300 ± 100)配额相当一致,这表明蓝藻细胞计数可能足以估算该地区的假钴胺库存量。这项研究深入揭示了细胞伪钴胺素代谢、可能对其产生影响的环境和生理条件,并提供了环境测量数据,有助于我们进一步了解伪钴胺素何时以及如何影响海洋微生物群落。
{"title":"Production and utilization of pseudocobalamin in marine Synechococcus cultures and communities","authors":"Catherine C. Bannon,&nbsp;Maria A. Soto,&nbsp;Elden Rowland,&nbsp;Nan Chen,&nbsp;Anna Gleason,&nbsp;Emmanuel Devred,&nbsp;Julie LaRoche,&nbsp;Erin M. Bertrand","doi":"10.1111/1462-2920.16701","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1462-2920.16701","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cobalamin influences marine microbial communities because an exogenous source is required by most eukaryotic phytoplankton, and demand can exceed supply. Pseudocobalamin is a cobalamin analogue produced and used by most cyanobacteria but is not directly available to eukaryotic phytoplankton. Some microbes can remodel pseudocobalamin into cobalamin, but a scarcity of pseudocobalamin measurements impedes our ability to evaluate its importance for marine cobalamin production. Here, we perform simultaneous measurements of pseudocobalamin and methionine synthase (MetH), the key protein that uses it as a co-factor, in <i>Synechococcus</i> cultures and communities. In <i>Synechococcus</i> sp. WH8102, pseudocobalamin quota decreases in low temperature (17°C) and low nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, while MetH did not. Pseudocobalamin and MetH quotas were influenced by culture methods and growth phase. Despite the variability present in cultures, we found a comparably consistent quota of 300 ± 100 pseudocobalamin molecules per cyanobacterial cell in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, suggesting that cyanobacterial cell counts may be sufficient to estimate pseudocobalamin inventories in this region. This work offers insights into cellular pseudocobalamin metabolism, environmental and physiological conditions that may influence it, and provides environmental measurements to further our understanding of when and how pseudocobalamin can influence marine microbial communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11898,"journal":{"name":"Environmental microbiology","volume":"26 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel oil-associated bacteria in Arctic seawater exposed to different nutrient biostimulation regimes 北极海水中暴露于不同营养生物刺激机制的新型石油相关细菌
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16688
Francisco D. Davila Aleman, María A. Bautista, Janine McCalder, Kaiden Jobin, Sean M. C. Murphy, Brent Else, Casey R. J. Hubert

The Arctic Ocean is an oligotrophic ecosystem facing escalating threats of oil spills as ship traffic increases owing to climate change-induced sea ice retreat. Biostimulation is an oil spill mitigation strategy that involves introducing bioavailable nutrients to enhance crude oil biodegradation by endemic oil-degrading microbes. For bioremediation to offer a viable response for future oil spill mitigation in extreme Arctic conditions, a better understanding of the effects of nutrient addition on Arctic marine microorganisms is needed. Controlled experiments tracking microbial populations revealed a significant decline in community diversity along with changes in microbial community composition. Notably, differential abundance analysis highlighted the significant enrichment of the unexpected genera Lacinutrix, Halarcobacter and Candidatus Pseudothioglobus. These groups are not normally associated with hydrocarbon biodegradation, despite closer inspection of genomes from closely related isolates confirming the potential for hydrocarbon metabolism. Co-occurrence analysis further revealed significant associations between these genera and well-known hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, suggesting potential synergistic interactions during oil biodegradation. While these findings broaden our understanding of how biostimulation promotes enrichment of endemic hydrocarbon-degrading genera, further research is needed to fully assess the suitability of nutrient addition as a stand-alone oil spill mitigation strategy in this sensitive and remote polar marine ecosystem.

北冰洋是一个寡营养生态系统,随着气候变化引起的海冰消退导致船舶流量增加,它面临着不断升级的溢油威胁。生物刺激是一种溢油缓解策略,它通过引入生物可利用的营养物质来提高地方性石油降解微生物对原油的生物降解能力。要使生物修复成为未来在北极极端条件下缓解溢油的可行对策,就需要更好地了解添加营养物质对北极海洋微生物的影响。跟踪微生物种群的控制实验显示,随着微生物群落组成的变化,群落多样性显著下降。值得注意的是,差异丰度分析突显了意想不到的 Lacinutrix、Halarcobacter 和 Candidatus Pseudothioglobus 属的显著富集。这些类群通常与碳氢化合物的生物降解无关,尽管对密切相关的分离物的基因组进行的仔细检查证实了它们具有碳氢化合物代谢的潜力。共现分析进一步揭示了这些菌属与众所周知的碳氢化合物降解细菌之间的重要关联,表明在油类生物降解过程中可能存在协同作用。虽然这些发现拓宽了我们对生物刺激如何促进地方性碳氢化合物降解菌属富集的理解,但仍需进一步研究,以全面评估在这一敏感而偏远的极地海洋生态系统中,添加营养物质作为独立的溢油缓解策略是否合适。
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引用次数: 0
Global risk dynamics of Borrelia miyamotoi in the context of climate change 气候变化背景下宫本氏包虫病的全球风险动态
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.70000
Tian Tang, Hong-Han Ge, Tian Ma, Meng-meng Hao, Shuai Chen, Chen-Long Lv, Yun-Bo Qiu, Yan-He Wang, Yao Tian, Jin-Jin Chen, Shuai Yuan, Qian Wang, Dong Jiang, Fang-Yu Ding, Wei Liu, Li-Qun Fang

The impact of Borrelia miyamotoi on human health, facilitated by the expanding geographical distribution and increasing population of Ixodes ticks, remains obscure in the context of global climate change. We employed multiple models to evaluate the effect of global climate change on the risk of B. miyamotoi worldwide across various scenarios. The habitat suitability index of four primary vector tick species for B. miyamotoi, including Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis, was projected using a boosted regression tree model, considering multiple shared socio-economic pathway scenarios over various time periods. The modelling analysis reveals that, apart from I. scapularis, future global warming will result in a northward shift in the other three vector tick species and a gradual reduction in suitable habitats. Random forest models indicate consistent changes in B. miyamotoi and its primary tick species, with potential risk areas shrinking and shifting northward, particularly in the eastern USA, northeastern and northern Europe and northeast Asia. These findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced active surveillance of B. miyamotoi infection in primary vector tick species across projected potential risk areas. The effect of climate change on B. miyamotoi distribution might have significant implications for public health decision-making regarding tick-borne pathogens.

在全球气候变化的背景下,宫本鲍尔森氏菌对人类健康的影响仍然模糊不清,而宫本鲍尔森氏菌的地理分布不断扩大,蜱虫数量不断增加。我们采用多种模型来评估全球气候变化在不同情况下对全球宫本氏包虫病风险的影响。考虑到不同时期的多种共同社会经济路径情景,我们使用增强回归树模型预测了四种主要病媒蜱类(包括长尾蜱、蓖麻蜱、太平洋蜱和胛蜱)的宫本蝇栖息地适宜性指数。建模分析表明,除鳞蜱外,未来全球变暖将导致其他三种媒介蜱物种向北迁移,适宜栖息地逐渐减少。随机森林模型表明,B. miyamotoi 及其主要蜱虫物种将发生一致的变化,潜在风险区域将缩小并向北转移,尤其是在美国东部、欧洲东北部和北部以及亚洲东北部。这些发现突出表明,在预计的潜在风险区域内,迫切需要加强对主要病媒蜱种中宫本氏杆菌感染的主动监测。气候变化对 B. miyamotoi 分布的影响可能会对有关蜱传病原体的公共卫生决策产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Cable bacteria colonise new sediment environments through water column dispersal 缆索细菌通过水柱传播定殖新的沉积物环境
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16694
Jesper R. van Dijk, Jeanine S. Geelhoed, Philip Ley, Silvia Hidalgo-Martinez, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Erik Verbruggen, Filip J. R. Meysman

Cable bacteria exhibit a unique metabolism involving long-distance electron transport, significantly impacting elemental cycling in various sediments. These long filamentous bacteria are distributed circumglobally, suggesting an effective mode of dispersal. However, oxygen strongly inhibits their activity, posing a challenge to their dispersal through the water column. We investigated the effective dispersal of marine cable bacteria in a compartmentalised microcosm experiment. Cable bacteria were grown in natural ‘source’ sediment, and their metabolic activity was recorded in autoclaved ‘destination’ cores, which were only accessible through oxygenated seawater. Colonisation occurred over weeks, and destination cores contained only one cable bacterium strain. Filament ‘snippets’ (fragments with a median size of ~15 cells) accumulated in the microcosm water, with about 30% of snippets attached to sediment particles. Snippet release was also observed in situ in a salt marsh creek. This provides a model for the dispersal of cable bacteria through oxygenated water: snippets are formed by filament breakage in the sediment, released into the overlying water and transported with sediment particles that likely offer protection. These insights are informative for broader theories on microbial community assembly and prokaryotic biogeography in marine sediments.

缆索细菌展示了一种涉及长距离电子传输的独特新陈代谢,对各种沉积物中的元素循环产生了重大影响。这些长丝状细菌分布在全球各地,这表明它们具有有效的传播方式。然而,氧气强烈抑制了它们的活动,给它们在水体中的扩散带来了挑战。我们在分区微观世界实验中研究了海洋缆索细菌的有效扩散。缆索细菌在天然 "源 "沉积物中生长,在高压灭菌的 "目的 "岩芯中记录它们的代谢活动,只有通过含氧海水才能进入这些岩芯。定殖过程持续数周,目的岩芯只含有一种缆索细菌菌株。丝状物'片段'(中值大小约为 15 个细胞的碎片)在微观世界水中积累,约 30% 的片段附着在沉积物颗粒上。在盐沼小溪中也观察到了片段释放。这为缆索细菌在含氧水中的传播提供了一个模型:片段由沉积物中的菌丝断裂形成,释放到上覆水中,并与沉积物颗粒一起运输,而沉积物颗粒可能提供保护。这些见解对海洋沉积物中微生物群落组装和原核生物地理学的广泛理论具有启发意义。
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引用次数: 0
Specialization of Alcanivorax species in colonizing diverse plastics Alcanivorax 物种在不同塑料中的定殖特化
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16698
Valérie Mattelin, Astrid Rombouts, Josefien Van Landuyt, Alberto Scoma, Nico Boon

Recently, there has been increased attention to hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in the plastisphere. One particular genus, Alcanivorax, is reported in the biodegradation of several polymers in the literature. In this study, we further explored the role of Alcanivorax in the early colonization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH), nylon 6/69, and a novel plastic B4PF01. Starting from enrichments of a one-year experiment with a maximum relative abundance of 58.8% of Alcanivorax, two parallel experiments were set up. One experiment followed growth and activity during the first 21 days of plastic incubations, and the other followed the same parameters on the different material fractions of the plastics, such as leachables and pure polymer. For all plastic types, the highest microbial growth was associated with the total plastics compared to the other material fractions. A relative abundance of 62.7% of Alcanivorax in the nylon 6/69-enriched community was observed. This, combined with data on activity, suggests that nylon 6/69 is potentially degraded by this genus. Two isolates were obtained, closely related to A. borkumensis SK2 and Alcanivorax sp. DG881. The activity and growth of the isolates as axenic cultures resemble their abundance in the community. In conclusion, this study contributes to the knowledge of the role of Alcanivorax in plastic-enriched communities.

最近,人们越来越关注质体中的碳氢细菌。文献中报道了一个特殊的属--Alcanivorax--在几种聚合物的生物降解过程中的作用。在本研究中,我们进一步探讨了 Alcanivorax 在聚(3-羟基丁酸-3-羟基己酸)(PHBH)、尼龙 6/69 和新型塑料 B4PF01 早期定殖中的作用。在为期一年的实验中,Alcanivorax 的最大相对丰度为 58.8%,从富集开始,我们建立了两个平行实验。一项实验跟踪塑料培养头 21 天的生长和活性,另一项实验跟踪塑料不同材料部分(如可浸出物和纯聚合物)的相同参数。在所有类型的塑料中,与其他材料部分相比,总塑料的微生物生长量最高。在尼龙 6/69 富集群落中,Alcanivorax 的相对丰度为 62.7%。结合活性数据,这表明尼龙 6/69 有可能被该属降解。获得了两个与 A. borkumensis SK2 和 Alcanivorax sp.作为轴向培养物,这些分离物的活性和生长与它们在群落中的数量相似。总之,本研究有助于了解 Alcanivorax 在富塑群落中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Distinct microbial communities supported by iron oxidation 铁氧化作用支持的独特微生物群落。
IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16706
Kateřina Burkartová, Antonín Hlaváček, Sergej Skoblia, Lukáš Falteisek

Microbial biostalactites and streamers commonly grow at iron seepages in abandoned mines worldwide. This study addresses the diversity and composition of these simple prokaryotic communities, which thrive in pH ranges from 2.4 to 6.6 across six different mines. Our analysis of 85 communities reveals that a pH of approximately 3.2 is a critical threshold where alpha and beta diversity change discretely. Below this pH, the average number of ASVs per sample is 2.91 times lower than above this boundary. Autotrophs, heterotrophs, and symbionts of eukaryotes originate from nearly non-overlapping species pools in the two habitat types that differ only in pH. Communities below pH 3.2 further divide into two distinct groups, differing in diversity, taxonomic, and functional composition. Both types of communities coexist within the same stalactites, likely corresponding to zones where the capillary structure of the stalactite is either perfused or clogged. These findings indicate that microbial community structure can be significantly influenced by the intricate spatial organization of the ecosystem, rather than solely by measurable environmental parameters.

世界各地废弃矿井中的铁渗流处通常都生长着微生物生物菌根和菌簇。本研究探讨了这些简单原核生物群落的多样性和组成,这些群落在六个不同矿区的 pH 值范围为 2.4 到 6.6 的环境中生长茂盛。我们对 85 个群落的分析表明,pH 值约为 3.2 是一个临界点,在这个临界点上,α 和β 的多样性会发生离散变化。低于此 pH 值时,每个样本的 ASV 平均数量比高于此界限时低 2.91 倍。自养生物、异养生物和真核生物的共生体在两种生境类型中几乎没有重叠的物种库,它们之间的差异仅在于 pH 值。pH 值低于 3.2 的群落进一步分为两个不同的群体,它们在多样性、分类学和功能组成方面各不相同。这两类群落共存于同一钟乳石中,可能与钟乳石毛细管结构灌注或堵塞的区域相对应。这些研究结果表明,微生物群落结构会受到生态系统错综复杂的空间组织的显著影响,而不仅仅受可测量的环境参数的影响。
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Environmental microbiology
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