Microbial communities reveal niche partitioning across the slope and bottom zones of the challenger deep

IF 3.6 4区 生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Microbiology Reports Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI:10.1111/1758-2229.13314
Aoran Hu, Weishu Zhao, Jing Wang, Qi Qi, Xiang Xiao, Hongmei Jing
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Abstract

Widespread marine microbiomes exhibit compositional and functional differentiation as a result of adaptation driven by environmental characteristics. We investigated the microbial communities in both seawater and sediments on the slope (7–9 km) and the bottom (9–11 km) of the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench to explore community differentiation. Both metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and 16S rRNA amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) showed that the microbial composition in the seawater was similar to that of sediment on the slope, while distinct from that of sediment in the bottom. This scenario suggested a potentially stronger community interaction between seawater and sediment on the slope, which was further confirmed by community assembly and population movement analyses. The metagenomic analysis also indicates a specific stronger potential of nitrate reduction and sulphate assimilation in the bottom seawater, while more versatile nitrogen and sulphur cycling pathways occur on the slope, reflecting functional differentiations among communities in conjunction with environmental features. This work implies that microbial community differentiation occurred in the different hadal niches, and was likely an outcome of microbial adaptation to the extreme hadal trench environment, especially the associated hydrological and geological conditions, which should be considered and measured in situ in future studies.

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微生物群落揭示了挑战者深海斜坡和底部区域的生态位分区。
大范围的海洋微生物群表现出组成和功能上的分化,这是环境特征驱动的适应性结果。我们调查了马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊斜坡(7-9 千米)和底部(9-11 千米)海水和沉积物中的微生物群落,以探索群落分化。元基因组组装基因组(MAGs)和 16S rRNA 扩增子序列变体(ASVs)均显示,海水中的微生物组成与斜坡沉积物中的微生物组成相似,而与底部沉积物中的微生物组成不同。这种情况表明,斜坡上的海水和沉积物之间可能存在更强的群落相互作用,群落组合和种群移动分析进一步证实了这一点。元基因组分析还表明,底层海水具有更强的硝酸盐还原和硫酸盐同化潜力,而斜坡上的氮和硫循环途径则更为多样,这反映了群落之间与环境特征有关的功能差异。这项研究表明,微生物群落分化发生在不同的哈达尔壁龛中,很可能是微生物适应极端哈达尔海沟环境的结果,特别是相关的水文和地质条件。
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来源期刊
Environmental Microbiology Reports
Environmental Microbiology Reports ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-MICROBIOLOGY
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
3.00%
发文量
91
审稿时长
3.0 months
期刊介绍: The journal is identical in scope to Environmental Microbiology, shares the same editorial team and submission site, and will apply the same high level acceptance criteria. The two journals will be mutually supportive and evolve side-by-side. Environmental Microbiology Reports provides a high profile vehicle for publication of the most innovative, original and rigorous research in the field. The scope of the Journal encompasses the diversity of current research on microbial processes in the environment, microbial communities, interactions and evolution and includes, but is not limited to, the following: the structure, activities and communal behaviour of microbial communities microbial community genetics and evolutionary processes microbial symbioses, microbial interactions and interactions with plants, animals and abiotic factors microbes in the tree of life, microbial diversification and evolution population biology and clonal structure microbial metabolic and structural diversity microbial physiology, growth and survival microbes and surfaces, adhesion and biofouling responses to environmental signals and stress factors modelling and theory development pollution microbiology extremophiles and life in extreme and unusual little-explored habitats element cycles and biogeochemical processes, primary and secondary production microbes in a changing world, microbially-influenced global changes evolution and diversity of archaeal and bacterial viruses new technological developments in microbial ecology and evolution, in particular for the study of activities of microbial communities, non-culturable microorganisms and emerging pathogens.
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