Eva M Medina-Rodríguez, José Martínez-Raga, Yolanda Sanz
{"title":"Intestinal Barrier, Immunity and Microbiome: Partners in the Depression Crime.","authors":"Eva M Medina-Rodríguez, José Martínez-Raga, Yolanda Sanz","doi":"10.1124/pharmrev.124.001202","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is a highly prevalent disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. It has a major impact on the affected individual and on society as a whole. Regrettably, current available treatments for this condition are insufficient in many patients. In recent years, the gut microbiome has emerged as a promising alternative target for treating and preventing depressive disorders. However, the microbes that form this ecosystem do not act alone but are part of a complicated network connecting the gut and the brain that influences our mood. Host cells that are in intimate contact with gut microbes, such as the epithelial cells forming the gut barrier and the immune cells in their vicinity, play a key role in the process. These cells continuously shape immune responses to maintain healthy communication between gut microbes and the host. In this article, we review how the interplay among epithelial cells, the immune system, and gut microbes mediates gut-brain communication to influence mood. We also discuss how advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the gut-brain axis could contribute to addressing depression. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review does not aim to systematically describe intestinal microbes that might be beneficial or detrimental for depression. We have adopted a novel point of view by focusing on potential mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between gut microbes and their intestinal environment to control mood. These pathways could be targeted by well defined and individually tailored dietary interventions, microbes, or microbial metabolites to ameliorate depression and decrease its important social and economic impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":19780,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pharmacological Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.124.001202","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. It has a major impact on the affected individual and on society as a whole. Regrettably, current available treatments for this condition are insufficient in many patients. In recent years, the gut microbiome has emerged as a promising alternative target for treating and preventing depressive disorders. However, the microbes that form this ecosystem do not act alone but are part of a complicated network connecting the gut and the brain that influences our mood. Host cells that are in intimate contact with gut microbes, such as the epithelial cells forming the gut barrier and the immune cells in their vicinity, play a key role in the process. These cells continuously shape immune responses to maintain healthy communication between gut microbes and the host. In this article, we review how the interplay among epithelial cells, the immune system, and gut microbes mediates gut-brain communication to influence mood. We also discuss how advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the gut-brain axis could contribute to addressing depression. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review does not aim to systematically describe intestinal microbes that might be beneficial or detrimental for depression. We have adopted a novel point of view by focusing on potential mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between gut microbes and their intestinal environment to control mood. These pathways could be targeted by well defined and individually tailored dietary interventions, microbes, or microbial metabolites to ameliorate depression and decrease its important social and economic impact.
期刊介绍:
Pharmacological Reviews is a highly popular and well-received journal that has a long and rich history of success. It was first published in 1949 and is currently published bimonthly online by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. The journal is indexed or abstracted by various databases, including Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews Database, Biosciences Information Service, Current Contents/Life Sciences, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Index Medicus, Index to Scientific Reviews, Medical Documentation Service, Reference Update, Research Alerts, Science Citation Index, and SciSearch. Pharmacological Reviews offers comprehensive reviews of new pharmacological fields and is able to stay up-to-date with published content. Overall, it is highly regarded by scholars.