Arctic Continental-Shelf Sediment Dynamics.

IF 14.3 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Annual Review of Marine Science Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI:10.1146/annurev-marine-040423-023827
Emily F Eidam, Nina Stark, Jaap H Nienhuis, Molly Keogh, Jeff Obelcz
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Abstract

Sediments covering Arctic continental shelves are uniquely impacted by ice processes. Delivery of sediments is generally limited to the summer, when rivers are ice free, permafrost bluffs are thawing, and sea ice is undergoing its seasonal retreat. Once delivered to the coastal zone, sediments follow complex pathways to their final depocenters-for example, fluvial sediments may experience enhanced seaward advection in the spring due to routing under nearshore sea ice; during the open-water season, boundary-layer transport may be altered by strong stratification in the ocean due to ice melt; during the fall storm season, sediments may be entrained into sea ice through the production of anchor ice and frazil; and in the winter, large ice keels more than 20 m tall plow the seafloor (sometimes to seabed depths of 1-2 m), creating a type of physical mixing that dwarfs the decimeter-scale mixing from bioturbation observed in lower-latitude shelf systems. This review summarizes the work done on subtidal sediment dynamics over the last 50 years in Arctic shelf systems backed by soft-sediment coastlines and suggests directions for future sediment studies in a changing Arctic. Reduced sea ice, increased wave energy, and increased sediment supply from bluffs (and possibly rivers) will likely alter marine sediment dynamics in the Arctic now and into the future.

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北极大陆架沉积动力学。
北极大陆架上的沉积物受到冰过程的独特影响。沉积物的运移一般限于夏季,因为此时河流无冰,永冻土崖正在解冻,海冰也在季节性地后退。例如,在春季,由于近岸海冰下的路径选择,河道沉积物可能会加强向海的平流;在开阔水域季节,由于冰雪融化,海洋中强烈的分层现象可能会改变边界层的输运;在秋季风暴季节,沉积物可能会通过产生锚冰和碎冰而被夹带到海冰中;在冬季,20 多米高的大型冰龙骨犁过海底(有时犁到海底 1-2 米深处),形成一种物理混合,使在低纬度陆架系统中观察到的生物扰动产生的分米级混合相形见绌。本综述总结了过去 50 年来在以软沉积海岸线为后盾的北极陆架系统中进行的潮下沉积物动力学研究,并提出了未来在不断变化的北极地区进行沉积物研究的方向。海冰减少、波浪能量增加、崖壁(可能还有河流)沉积物供应增加,这些都可能改变现在和未来北极的海洋沉积动力学。
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来源期刊
Annual Review of Marine Science
Annual Review of Marine Science 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
33.60
自引率
0.60%
发文量
40
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Marine Science, published since 2009, offers a comprehensive overview of the field. It covers various disciplines, including coastal and blue water oceanography (biological, chemical, geological, and physical), ecology, conservation, and technological advancements related to the marine environment. The journal's transition from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program ensures that all articles are available under a CC BY license, promoting wider accessibility and dissemination of knowledge.
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