Single and joint bioaccumulation and toxicity of isoproturon and cadmium in green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)

IF 5.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI:10.1186/s40538-024-00628-3

Chong Bin Qiu, Jie Tang, Guanghao Chen, Hong Yang, Jintong Liu

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Abstract

Background

Xenobiotics like pesticide isoproturon (IPU) and heavy metal cadmium (Cd) are environmental contaminants posing serious impacts on ecosystem. Understanding their toxic and accumulative processes is crucial to uncover insightful mechanisms and minimize health risks. However, the joint effect of IPU and Cd on microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems remains elusive. In this study, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was selected as a model unicellular organism to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of IPU and Cd, focusing on biological responses, bioaccumulation capacity, and environmental adaptation.

Results

The combined treatment with IPU (0.24 μmol L⁻¹) and/or Cd (20 μmol L⁻¹) for 60 h can induce acute toxicity to C. reinhardtii, reducing chlorophyll and photosynthetic fluorescence, while increasing oxidative damage manifested by lipid membrane peroxides and electrical conductivity. IPU and Cd were accumulated in C. reinhardtii. Interestingly, IPU accumulation in algae was significantly repressed in the presence of Cd, showing a remarkable decrease of 116.7% compared to the IPU treatment alone. Similarly, the Cd concentration in the cells exposed to IPU was reduced by 23.5% compared to Cd treatment alone. Calculation of the bioconcentration factors revealed lower accumulation values of IPU or Cd in algae under Cd+IPU exposure compared to IPU or Cd stress, suggesting an antagonistic interaction between IPU and Cd during absorption by the algae. Furthermore, the activities and transcriptional expression of enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD and APX were significantly induced by Cd stress, whereas the activities of CAT, APX, and PPO significantly increased elevated by IPU.

Conclusions

This study provides compelling evidence of the ecotoxicological effects of combined IPU and cadmium contamination on algae, highlighting the potential of algae for bioremediation of environments contaminated with IPU and cadmium.

Graphical Abstract

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异丙隆和镉在绿藻（莱茵衣藻）中的单一和联合生物累积及毒性

农药异丙隆（IPU）和重金属镉（Cd）等异生物体是对生态系统造成严重影响的环境污染物。了解它们的毒性和累积过程对于揭示其深刻机制和最大限度地降低健康风险至关重要。然而，IPU 和镉对水生生态系统中微生物的共同影响仍然难以捉摸。本研究选择了绿衣藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii）作为单细胞生物模型，评估 IPU 和 Cd 的生态毒理效应，重点关注生物反应、生物累积能力和环境适应性。将IPU（0.24 μmol L-1）和/或Cd（20 μmol L-1）联合处理60小时，可诱导红藻产生急性毒性，降低叶绿素和光合荧光，同时增加脂膜过氧化物和电导率所表现的氧化损伤。IPU 和镉在红藻中积累。有趣的是，在有镉存在的情况下，IPU 在藻类中的积累受到明显抑制，与单独处理 IPU 相比，显著减少了 116.7%。同样，与单独处理镉相比，暴露于 IPU 的细胞中的镉浓度降低了 23.5%。生物富集因子的计算显示，与 IPU 或镉胁迫相比，镉+IPU 暴露下藻类体内 IPU 或镉的富集值较低，这表明 IPU 和镉在藻类吸收过程中存在拮抗作用。此外，镉胁迫显著诱导了 SOD 和 APX 等酶类抗氧化剂的活性和转录表达，而 IPU 则显著提高了 CAT、APX 和 PPO 的活性。这项研究为IPU和镉联合污染对藻类的生态毒理学影响提供了有力的证据，凸显了藻类对IPU和镉污染环境进行生物修复的潜力。

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来源期刊

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

3.00%

发文量

审稿时长

15 weeks

期刊介绍： Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture. This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.