Symmetry quantification and segmentation in STEM imaging through Zernike moments

Abstract

We present a method using Zernike moments for quantifying rotational and reflectional symmetries in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images, aimed at improving structural analysis of materials at the atomic scale. This technique is effective against common imaging noises and is potentially suited for low-dose imaging and identifying quantum defects. We showcase its utility in the unsupervised segmentation of polytypes in a twisted bilayer TaS₂, enabling accurate differentiation of structural phases and monitoring transitions caused by electron beam effects. This approach enhances the analysis of structural variations in crystalline materials, marking a notable advancement in the characterization of structures in materials science.