Cooperation, domination: Twin functions of third‐party punishment

IF 4.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Social and Personality Psychology Compass Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI:10.1111/spc3.12992
Jordan Wylie, Ana Gantman
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Abstract

Rules serve many important functions in society. One such function is to codify, and make public and enforceable, a society's desired prescriptions and proscriptions. This codification means that rules come with predefined punishments administered by third parties. We argue that when we look at how third parties punish rule violations, we see that rules and their punishments often serve dual functions. They support and help to maintain cooperation as it is usually theorized, but they also facilitate the domination of marginalized others. We begin by reviewing literature on rules and third‐party punishment, arguing that a great deal of punishment research has neglected to consider the unique power of codified rules. We also argue that by focusing on codified rules, it becomes clear that the enforcement of such rules via third‐party punishment is often used to exert control, punish retributively, and oppress outgroup members. By challenging idealized theory of rules as facilitators of social harmony, we highlight their role in satisfying personal punishment motives, and facilitating discrimination in a way that is uniquely justifiable to those who enforce them.
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合作、支配:第三方惩罚的双重功能
规则在社会中发挥着许多重要作用。其中一项功能就是将社会所期望的规定和禁令编纂成法典,并将其公之于众、强制执行。这种编纂意味着规则带有由第三方实施的预定义惩罚。我们认为,当我们研究第三方如何惩罚违反规则的行为时,我们会发现规则及其惩罚往往具有双重功能。它们支持并帮助维持通常理论上的合作,但同时也助长了对边缘化他人的统治。我们首先回顾了有关规则和第三方惩罚的文献,认为大量的惩罚研究忽视了成文规则的独特力量。我们还认为,通过对成文规则的关注,我们可以清楚地看到,通过第三方惩罚来执行这些规则往往被用来施加控制、报复性惩罚和压迫外群体成员。通过挑战将规则视为社会和谐促进因素的理想化理论,我们强调了规则在满足个人惩罚动机方面的作用,并以一种对规则执行者而言独一无二的正当方式促进歧视。
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来源期刊
Social and Personality Psychology Compass
Social and Personality Psychology Compass Psychology-Social Psychology
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
2.20%
发文量
59
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