The role of food reward in the associations between weight-based discrimination and feeding practices among caregivers of young children

Abstract

Certain caregiver feeding practices, including restrictive feeding for weight control, restrictive feeding for health, emotion regulation feeding, and reward feeding, are known to negatively influence short- and long-term child eating and health outcomes. Beyond body size, the precise psychosocial characteristics of caregivers more likely to engage in such feeding practices are unknown. In particular, caregivers who have experienced discrimination based on their weight, who have internalized those biased beliefs, or who find food to be very rewarding may be more likely to use restrictive or controlling feeding practices. The present study investigated the associations among experiences of weight-based discrimination, internalized weight bias, and food reward (i.e., reward-based eating drive) with use of restriction for weight control, restriction for health, emotion regulation feeding, and reward feeding in an online US sample of caregivers (M = 35.27 ± 9.08 y/o) of 2–5 year-old children (N = 305). About half (50.8%) of respondents self-identified as women and most as non-Hispanic (88.5%) and White (75.1%). There were significant positive correlations among caregivers' experience of weight-based discrimination, internalized weight bias, and use of all four feeding practices. Regression results showed that caregivers’ food reward moderated the main effect of weight-based discrimination on restrictive feeding for weight control and emotion regulation feeding, such that caregivers who were high in food reward and who experienced discrimination were most likely to engage in these feeding practices. These results can inform interventions aimed at improving child food environments and health.