How parent stress and COVID-19 impact on the family are associated with parental pressure to eat during COVID-19

Abstract

This study aimed to assess how parent stress and COVID-19 impact on the family are associated with parental pressure to eat during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents of healthy preschool-aged children completed measures including pressure to eat (Child Feeding Questionnaire), parent perception of their stress (Perceived Stress Scale), household food insecurity (Hunger Vital Sign) and effects of COVID-19 on families (COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact). Children (N = 228) were racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse (34 % Black, 15 % Hispanic, and 29 % with household income <$20,000). Bivariate analyses showed that parent stress at Year 1 (β 0.02; 95 % CI 0.006, 0.04) was significantly associated with pressure to eat at Year 1 and that COVID-19 impact at Year 1 (β 0.02; 95 % CI 0.001, 0.03) was also significantly associated with pressure to eat. Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that parent stress at Year 1 was significantly associated with pressure to eat at Year 1 (β 0.39; 95 % CI 0.16, 0.61) while COVID-19 impact was not significantly associated with pressure to eat at Year 1. This study, consisting of racially and socioeconomically diverse children, found that while parent stress was significantly associated with increased parental utilization of pressure to eat feeding practice, COVID-19 impact was not significantly associated with pressure to eat in adjusted analyses. This suggests that overall perceived stress by parents could be an important factor in parent pressuring feeding practices.