The development of social essentialist reasoning in Iran: Insight into biological perception, cultural input, and motivational factors.

IF 3.7 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI:10.1037/xge0001616

Ghazale Shahbazi, Hossein Samani, Tara M Mandalaywala, Khatereh Borhani, Telli Davoodi

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Abstract

People express essentialist beliefs about social categories from an early age, but essentialist beliefs about specific social categories vary over development and in different contexts. Adapting two paradigms used with Western samples to measure social essentialism, we examined the development of essentialist beliefs about seven social categories (gender, race, nationality, religion, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and team fan bases) among 5- to 10-year-old children (N = 88) and adults (N = 273) in Iran, a population that is underrepresented in psychology research. Focusing on natural-kind reasoning, we investigated the relative contribution of biological perception of social categories as well as cultural and motivational factors in the development of essentialist beliefs about these categories. Our findings suggest that biological perception of social categories plays a key role and that cultural and motivational factors become more relevant in essentialist reasoning about social categories that are not perceived as biologically marked. The developmental patterns of essentialist reasoning in our study also closely parallel those found in other cultures, namely the United States and Turkey, further suggesting the primary role of biological perception of social categories in natural-kind reasoning about the social world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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伊朗社会本质论推理的发展：洞察生物感知、文化输入和动机因素。

人们从很小的时候就开始表达关于社会类别的本质主义信念，但是关于特定社会类别的本质主义信念会随着成长和不同环境的变化而变化。我们调整了西方样本中用于测量社会本质主义的两个范式，考察了伊朗 5 至 10 岁儿童（88 人）和成人（273 人）对七个社会类别（性别、种族、国籍、宗教、社会经济地位、民族和球队球迷基础）的本质主义信念的发展情况。我们以自然类推理为重点，研究了社会类别的生物感知以及文化和动机因素在这些类别的本质主义信念发展过程中的相对作用。我们的研究结果表明，对社会类别的生物学认知起着关键作用，而文化和动机因素在对未被视为具有生物学特征的社会类别进行本质主义推理时变得更为重要。在我们的研究中，本质主义推理的发展模式也与其他文化（即美国和土耳其）中的发展模式密切相关，这进一步表明了社会类别的生物感知在有关社会世界的自然类推理中的主要作用。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)。

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来源期刊

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

4.90%

发文量

300

期刊介绍： The Journal of Experimental Psychology: General publishes articles describing empirical work that bridges the traditional interests of two or more communities of psychology. The work may touch on issues dealt with in JEP: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, JEP: Human Perception and Performance, JEP: Animal Behavior Processes, or JEP: Applied, but may also concern issues in other subdisciplines of psychology, including social processes, developmental processes, psychopathology, neuroscience, or computational modeling. Articles in JEP: General may be longer than the usual journal publication if necessary, but shorter articles that bridge subdisciplines will also be considered.