Whole blood for old blood: Use of whole blood for resuscitation in older trauma patients.

Abstract

Introduction: Older patients are expected to comprise 40 % of trauma admissions in the next 30 years. The use of whole blood (WB) has shown promise in improving mortality while lowering the utilization of blood products. However, the use of WB in older trauma patients has not been examined. The objective of our study is to determine the safety and efficacy of a WB first transfusion strategy in injured older patients.

Methods: Older trauma patients, defined as age ≥55 years old, were reviewed from March 2016-November 2021. Patients that received a WB first resuscitation strategy were compared to those that received a ratio based component strategy. Demographics as well as complications rates, blood product transfusion volumes, and mortality were evaluated. Univariate and multivariable analysis was used to determine independent predictors of mortality.

Results: There were 388 older trauma patients that received any blood products during the study period. A majority of patients received a WB first resuscitation strategy (83 %). Compared to patients that received component therapy, patients that received WB first were more likely female, less likely to have a penetrating mechanism, and had a slightly lower injury severity score. The-30 day mortality rate was comparable (WB 36% vs component 37 %, p = 0.914). While rates of AKI were slightly higher in those that received WB, this did not result in increased rates of renal replacement therapy (3 % vs 2 %, p = 1). Further, compared to patients that received components, patients that were resuscitated with a WB first strategy significantly utilized lower median volumes of platelets (0 mL vs 197 mL, p < 0.001), median volumes of plasma (0 mL vs 1253 mL, p < 0.001, and median total volume of blood products (1000 mL vs 2859 mL, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The use of WB in the older trauma patient appears safe, with mortality and complication rates comparable to component therapy. Blood product utilization is significantly less in those that are resuscitated with WB first.