Susceptibility of Dalbulus maidis to insect-pathogenic fungi: unveiling the protective role of brochosomes and self-cleaning behavior

IF 4.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Journal of Pest Science Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI:10.1007/s10340-024-01823-9
Rogerio Biaggioni Lopes, Marcos Faria, Charles Martins Oliveira
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Abstract

The corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae), is an important pest of maize in Latin America, transmitting plant pathogens that impact grain production. Recently, mycopesticides have been considered as an alternative for the biological control of D. maidis populations, but there is controversy surrounding the efficacy of these products. We assessed the susceptibility of D. maidis to invertebrate-pathogenic fungi and, for the first time, investigated the protective role of the protein-lipid coat of brochosomes on the insect integument as a barrier against infections. Adult mortality was lower than 35% seven days after exposure to maize plants sprayed with water + surfactant-based conidia suspensions of 31 fungal strains from three different genera (Beauveria, Cordyceps and Metarhizium). Direct application of conidia suspensions on adults did not increase significantly the mortality rates when compared to adults exposed to contaminated surfaces. Conidia in water + surfactant readily adhered and germinated on detached forewings of D. maidis from which brochosomes were removed, but wings coated with this protein-lipid layer repelled droplets. Dry conidia easily adhered to brochosome-coated wings and their germination was not affected, although the methodical self-cleaning behavior of the adults effectively dislodged most conidia (either in suspensions or as a dry powder) from insect’s body after treatment. In conclusion, brochosomes and self-cleaning together efficiently prevent adhesion of conidia to D. maidis cuticle, serving as important barriers against fungal invasion and decreasing insect mortality. Our study highlights the importance of combining mycopesticides with effective adjuvants in spray applications to enhance infection rates and successfully control D. maidis populations.

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麦冬对昆虫病原真菌的易感性:揭示锦囊虫的保护作用和自洁行为
玉米叶蝉(Dalbulus maidis,半翅目,蝉科)是拉丁美洲玉米的重要害虫,传播植物病原体,影响谷物产量。最近,杀菌剂被认为是生物防治麦蛾的一种替代方法,但围绕这些产品的功效还存在争议。我们评估了麦地那龙蝇对无脊椎动物致病真菌的敏感性,并首次研究了昆虫体表的帚状体蛋白脂质外衣作为抗感染屏障的保护作用。在玉米植株上喷洒以水和表面活性剂为基础的分生孢子悬浮液后七天,成虫死亡率低于 35%,这些分生孢子悬浮液含有来自三个不同属(牛肝菌属、冬虫夏草属和丝核菌属)的 31 种真菌菌株。与暴露在污染表面的成虫相比,直接在成虫身上施用分生孢子悬浮液不会显著增加死亡率。水+表面活性剂中的分生孢子很容易附着在已去除菌丝体的麦地那龙蛾前翅上并在其上发芽,但涂有这种蛋白质脂质层的翅则会排斥液滴。干燥的分生孢子很容易附着在涂有吸虫体的翅膀上,而且它们的发芽不受影响,尽管成虫有条不紊的自我清洁行为有效地将处理后的大多数分生孢子(悬浮液或干粉)从昆虫体内清除。总之,吸附体和自洁作用能有效防止分生孢子附着在麦地那龙蛾的角质层上,是防止真菌入侵和降低昆虫死亡率的重要屏障。我们的研究强调了在喷洒杀真菌剂时结合使用有效佐剂以提高感染率并成功控制麦蛾种群的重要性。
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来源期刊
Journal of Pest Science
Journal of Pest Science 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
10.40
自引率
8.30%
发文量
114
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Pest Science publishes high-quality papers on all aspects of pest science in agriculture, horticulture (including viticulture), forestry, urban pests, and stored products research, including health and safety issues. Journal of Pest Science reports on advances in control of pests and animal vectors of diseases, the biology, ethology and ecology of pests and their antagonists, and the use of other beneficial organisms in pest control. The journal covers all noxious or damaging groups of animals, including arthropods, nematodes, molluscs, and vertebrates. Journal of Pest Science devotes special attention to emerging and innovative pest control strategies, including the side effects of such approaches on non-target organisms, for example natural enemies and pollinators, and the implementation of these strategies in integrated pest management. Journal of Pest Science also publishes papers on the management of agro- and forest ecosystems where this is relevant to pest control. Papers on important methodological developments relevant for pest control will be considered as well.
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