The underlying mechanisms by which boron mitigates copper toxicity in Citrus sinensis leaves revealed by integrated analysis of transcriptome, metabolome and physiology.

IF 3.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Tree physiology Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI:10.1093/treephys/tpae099
Xu-Feng Chen, Bi-Sha Wu, Hui Yang, Qian Shen, Fei Lu, Wei-Lin Huang, Jiuxin Guo, Xin Ye, Lin-Tong Yang, Li-Song Chen
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Abstract

Both copper (Cu) excess and boron (B) deficiency are often observed in some citrus orchard soils. The molecular mechanisms by which B alleviates excessive Cu in citrus are poorly understood. Seedlings of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Xuegan) were treated with 0.5 (Cu0.5) or 350 (Cu350 or Cu excess) μM CuCl2 and 2.5 (B2.5) or 25 (B25) μM HBO3 for 24 wk. Thereafter, this study examined the effects of Cu and B treatments on gene expression levels revealed by RNA-Seq, metabolite profiles revealed by a widely targeted metabolome, and related physiological parameters in leaves. Cu350 upregulated 564 genes and 170 metabolites, and downregulated 598 genes and 58 metabolites in leaves of 2.5 μM B-treated seedlings (LB2.5), but it only upregulated 281 genes and 100 metabolites, and downregulated 136 genes and 40 metabolites in leaves of 25 μM B-treated seedlings (LB25). Cu350 decreased the concentrations of sucrose and total soluble sugars and increased the concentrations of starch, glucose, fructose and total nonstructural carbohydrates in LB2.5, but it only increased the glucose concentration in LB25. Further analysis demonstrated that B addition reduced the oxidative damage and alterations in primary and secondary metabolisms caused by Cu350, and alleviated the impairment of Cu350 to photosynthesis and cell wall metabolism, thus improving leaf growth. LB2.5 exhibited some adaptive responses to Cu350 to meet the increasing need for the dissipation of excessive excitation energy (EEE) and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (reactive aldehydes) and Cu. Cu350 increased photorespiration, xanthophyll cycle-dependent thermal dissipation, nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis and abundances; and upregulated tryptophan metabolism and related metabolite abundances, some antioxidant-related gene expression, and some antioxidant abundances. Additionally, this study identified some metabolic pathways, metabolites and genes that might lead to Cu tolerance in leaves.

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通过对转录组、代谢组和生理学的综合分析,揭示硼能减轻中华芸香科植物叶片铜毒性的内在机制。
在一些柑橘园土壤中,经常会发现铜(Cu)过量和硼(B)缺乏的现象。人们对硼能缓解柑橘中铜过量的分子机制知之甚少。甜橙(Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv.用 0.5(Cu0.5)或 350(Cu350 或 Cu 过量)μM CuCl2 和 2.5(B2.5)或 25(B25)μM HBO3 处理甜橙幼苗 24 周。此后,本研究考察了Cu和B处理对RNA-Seq揭示的基因表达水平、广泛靶向代谢组揭示的代谢物谱以及叶片中相关生理参数的影响。在 2.5 μM B 处理的幼苗(LB2.5)叶片中,Cu350 上调了 564 个基因和 170 个代谢物,下调了 598 个基因和 58 个代谢物;但在 25 μM B 处理的幼苗(LB25)叶片中,Cu350 只上调了 281 个基因和 100 个代谢物,下调了 136 个基因和 40 个代谢物。在 LB2.5 中,Cu350 降低了蔗糖和总可溶性糖的浓度,提高了淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖和总非结构碳水化合物(TNC)的浓度,但在 LB25 中只提高了葡萄糖的浓度。进一步的分析表明,硼的添加减少了 Cu350 对叶片的氧化损伤以及初级和次级代谢的改变;减轻了 Cu350 对光合作用和细胞壁代谢的损害,从而改善了叶片的生长。枸杞 2.5 对 Cu350 表现出了一些适应性反应,以满足对过量激发能量(EEE)耗散和活性氧(活性醛类)与 Cu 解毒日益增长的需求。Cu350 增加了光呼吸、依赖黄绿素循环的热耗散、非结构性碳水化合物积累、次生代谢物的生物合成和丰度;上调了色氨酸代谢和相关代谢物丰度,以及一些抗氧化剂相关基因的表达和一些抗氧化剂的丰度。此外,本研究还发现了一些可能导致叶片耐铜的代谢途径、代谢物和基因。
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来源期刊
Tree physiology
Tree physiology 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
7.50%
发文量
133
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Tree Physiology promotes research in a framework of hierarchically organized systems, measuring insight by the ability to link adjacent layers: thus, investigated tree physiology phenomenon should seek mechanistic explanation in finer-scale phenomena as well as seek significance in larger scale phenomena (Passioura 1979). A phenomenon not linked downscale is merely descriptive; an observation not linked upscale, might be trivial. Physiologists often refer qualitatively to processes at finer or coarser scale than the scale of their observation, and studies formally directed at three, or even two adjacent scales are rare. To emphasize the importance of relating mechanisms to coarser scale function, Tree Physiology will highlight papers doing so particularly well as feature papers.
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