Factors influencing seasonal chemistry patterns in Virginia mountain streams

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Biogeochemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI:10.1007/s10533-024-01163-x
Ami L. Riscassi, Todd M. Scanlon, James N. Galloway
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Abstract

The relative influence of seasonal patterns in hydrological flow and seasonal differences in biological and geochemical activity on stream chemistry patterns is difficult to discern because they covary; temperate systems are characterized by lower mean flow in the summer (i.e. corresponding to deeper flow paths, elevated temperature, and biological activity), and higher mean flow in the winter (i.e. corresponding to shallower flow paths, depressed temperature, and biological dormancy). Using 2018 data, when seasonal stream flow conditions reversed, and two prior conventional water years, the relationship between monthly acid-relevant analyte concentrations and streamflow were compared within and between winter and summer to provide insight into controls on characteristic seasonal chemistry patterns at two mid-Appalachian sites with distinct geology (weatherable mafic and weather resistant siliciclastic). Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) increased (1) with lower flow, in both seasons and (2) in summer, for all flow conditions. The compounding impacts resulted in a doubling of concentration from typical winter with high flow to summer with low flow at both sites. Base cation patterns tracked ANC at the mafic site, resulting in an ~ 60% increase of from winter with high flow to summer with low flow; distinctions between summer and winter contributed more to the seasonal pattern (72%) than changes in flow. Sulfate increased at the mafic site (1) with higher flow, in both seasons and (2) in winter, for all flow conditions, resulting in an ~ 50% increase from summer with low flow to winter with high flow; distinctions between winter and summer conditions and flow contributed similarly (40–60%) to the typical seasonal chemical pattern. The biogeochemical mechanism driving differences in stream chemistry between summer and winter for the same flow conditions is likely increased rates of natural acidification from elevated soil respiration in summer, resulting in greater bedrock weathering and sulfate adsorption. Findings highlight the significance and consistency of growing vs dormant season variations in temperature and biological activity in driving intra-annual patterns of stream solutes. This data set informs parameterization of hydro-biogeochemical models of stream chemistry in a changing climate at a biologically relevant, seasonal, timescale.

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影响弗吉尼亚山区溪流季节性化学模式的因素
水文流量的季节性模式以及生物和地球化学活动的季节性差异对溪流化学模式的相对影响很难辨别,因为它们是共生的;温带系统的特点是夏季平均流量较低(即对应于较深的流道、温度升高和生物活动),而冬季平均流量较高(即对应于较浅的流道、温度降低和生物休眠)。利用 2018 年的数据(当时的季节性溪流条件发生了逆转)和之前两个常规水年的数据,比较了冬季和夏季内以及冬季和夏季之间每月酸性相关分析物浓度与溪流之间的关系,以深入了解具有独特地质(可风化的黑云母岩和可风化的硅质岩)的两个阿巴拉契亚中部地点的特征季节性化学模式的控制因素。在所有流量条件下,酸中和能力(ANC)(1) 在两个季节均随流量降低而增加,(2) 在夏季增加。在这两个地点,从典型的冬季大流量到夏季小流量,复合影响导致浓度增加了一倍。碱式阳离子模式与岩浆岩地点的 ANC 一致,导致从流量大的冬季到流量小的夏季,碱式阳离子浓度增加了约 60%;与流量变化相比,夏季和冬季之间的差异对季节性模式的影响更大(72%)。在岩浆岩矿点,硫酸盐(1)在两个季节都随流量增加而增加,(2)在冬季,在所有流量条件下,硫酸盐都随流量增加而增加,导致从夏季低流量到冬季高流量期间硫酸盐增加了约 50%;冬季和夏季条件与流量之间的差异对典型季节性化学模式的影响类似(40-60%)。在相同流量条件下,驱动夏季和冬季溪流化学差异的生物地球化学机制可能是夏季土壤呼吸作用增强导致的自然酸化速率增加,从而导致基岩风化和硫酸盐吸附加剧。研究结果凸显了生长季节与休眠季节的温度和生物活动变化在驱动溪流溶质年内模式方面的重要性和一致性。这组数据为在与生物相关的季节性时间尺度上对气候变化中的溪流化学的水文生物地球化学模型进行参数化提供了信息。
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来源期刊
Biogeochemistry
Biogeochemistry 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
5.00%
发文量
112
审稿时长
3.2 months
期刊介绍: Biogeochemistry publishes original and synthetic papers dealing with biotic controls on the chemistry of the environment, or with the geochemical control of the structure and function of ecosystems. Cycles are considered, either of individual elements or of specific classes of natural or anthropogenic compounds in ecosystems. Particular emphasis is given to coupled interactions of element cycles. The journal spans from the molecular to global scales to elucidate the mechanisms driving patterns in biogeochemical cycles through space and time. Studies on both natural and artificial ecosystems are published when they contribute to a general understanding of biogeochemistry.
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