Alice Mariottini, Maria Teresa Cencioni, Paolo Antonio Muraro
{"title":"Immune cell reconstitution following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Alice Mariottini, Maria Teresa Cencioni, Paolo Antonio Muraro","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90242-7.00003-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a multistep procedure aimed at eradicating the immune system and replacing it with a new one reconstituted from hematopoietic stem cells which in autologous HSCT (AHSCT) have previously been harvested from the same individual. Over the last two decades, AHSCT has been developed as a treatment option for people affected by aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS), and it exerts a long-standing effect on new inflammation-driven disease activity. The rationale for the use of AHSCT in MS will be discussed, starting from the first observations on experimental models. The mechanisms and kinetics of repopulation (i.e., quantitative recovery) and reconstitution (i.e., qualitative changes) of the immune cell populations will be explored, focusing on immune reconstitution of the T and B cells compartments and briefly covering changes in the innate immune system. Finally, potential immunologic markers of response to treatment will be reviewed. Insights into the supposed mechanism(s) of action of AHSCT will be provided, discussing the leading hypothesis of the \"rebuilding\" of a newly tolerant immune system, and examining the apparent paradox of the long-standing control of disease activity despite a relatively short-term immunosuppressive effect of the procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Handbook of clinical neurology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90242-7.00003-1","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a multistep procedure aimed at eradicating the immune system and replacing it with a new one reconstituted from hematopoietic stem cells which in autologous HSCT (AHSCT) have previously been harvested from the same individual. Over the last two decades, AHSCT has been developed as a treatment option for people affected by aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS), and it exerts a long-standing effect on new inflammation-driven disease activity. The rationale for the use of AHSCT in MS will be discussed, starting from the first observations on experimental models. The mechanisms and kinetics of repopulation (i.e., quantitative recovery) and reconstitution (i.e., qualitative changes) of the immune cell populations will be explored, focusing on immune reconstitution of the T and B cells compartments and briefly covering changes in the innate immune system. Finally, potential immunologic markers of response to treatment will be reviewed. Insights into the supposed mechanism(s) of action of AHSCT will be provided, discussing the leading hypothesis of the "rebuilding" of a newly tolerant immune system, and examining the apparent paradox of the long-standing control of disease activity despite a relatively short-term immunosuppressive effect of the procedure.
期刊介绍：
The Handbook of Clinical Neurology (HCN) was originally conceived and edited by Pierre Vinken and George Bruyn as a prestigious, multivolume reference work that would cover all the disorders encountered by clinicians and researchers engaged in neurology and allied fields. The first series of the Handbook (Volumes 1-44) was published between 1968 and 1982 and was followed by a second series (Volumes 45-78), guided by the same editors, which concluded in 2002. By that time, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. In 2002, Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller, and Dick F. Swaab took on the responsibility of supervising the third (current) series, the first volumes of which published in 2003. They have designed this series to encompass both clinical neurology and also the basic and clinical neurosciences that are its underpinning. Given the enormity and complexity of the accumulating literature, it is almost impossible to keep abreast of developments in the field, thus providing the raison d''être for the series. The series will thus appeal to clinicians and investigators alike, providing to each an added dimension. Now, more than 140 volumes after it began, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series has an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest information on fundamental research on the operation of the nervous system in health and disease, comprehensive clinical information on neurological and related disorders, and up-to-date treatment protocols.
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