Gut-derived appetite hormones do not explain energy intake differences in humans following low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets

IF 4.2 2区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Obesity Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI:10.1002/oby.24104

Aaron Hengist, Christina M. Sciarrillo, Juen Guo, Mary Walter, Kevin D. Hall

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Abstract

Objective

The objective of this study was to explore how dietary macronutrient composition influences postprandial appetite hormone responses and subsequent energy intake.

Methods

A total of 20 adults (mean [SEM], age 30 [1] years, BMI 27.8 [1.3] kg/m², n = 8 with normal weight, n = 6 with overweight, n = 6 with obesity) consumed a low-fat (LF) diet (10% fat, 75% carbohydrate) and a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet (10% carbohydrate, 75% fat) for 2 weeks each in an inpatient randomized crossover design. At the end of each diet, participants consumed isocaloric macronutrient-representative breakfast test meals, and 6-h postprandial responses were measured. Ad libitum energy intake was measured for the rest of the day.

Results

The LC meal resulted in greater mean postprandial plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1; LC: 6.44 [0.78] pg/mL, LF: 2.46 [0.26] pg/mL; p < 0.0001), total glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; LC: 578 [60] pg/mL, LF: 319 [37] pg/mL; p = 0.0004), and peptide YY (PYY; LC: 65.6 [5.6] pg/mL, LF: 50.7 [3.8] pg/mL; p = 0.02), whereas total ghrelin (LC: 184 [25] pg/mL, LF: 261 [47] pg/mL; p = 0.0009), active ghrelin (LC: 91 [9] pg/mL, LF: 232 [28] pg/mL; p < 0.0001), and leptin (LC: 26.9 [6.5] ng/mL, LF: 35.2 [7.5] ng/mL; p = 0.01) were lower compared with LF. Participants ate more during LC at lunch (244 [85] kcal; p = 0.01) and dinner (193 [86] kcal; p = 0.04), increasing total subsequent energy intake for the day compared with LF (551 [103] kcal; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

In the short term, endogenous gut-derived appetite hormones do not necessarily determine ad libitum energy intake.

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源自肠道的食欲激素无法解释人类在低碳水化合物饮食和低脂肪饮食之间的能量摄入差异。

研究目的本研究旨在探讨膳食宏量营养素组成如何影响餐后食欲激素反应及随后的能量摄入：共有 20 名成年人（平均[SEM]，年龄 30 [1] 岁，体重指数 27.8 [1.3] kg/m2，n = 8 名体重正常者，n = 6 名超重者，n = 6 名肥胖者）参加了为期 2 周的低脂（LF）饮食（10% 脂肪，75% 碳水化合物）和低碳水化合物（LC）饮食（10% 碳水化合物，75% 脂肪）住院随机交叉设计。在每种饮食法结束时，参与者食用等热量宏量营养素代表的早餐测试餐，并测量餐后 6 小时的反应。在一天的其余时间里，对自由摄入的能量进行测量：结果：低脂餐使餐后血浆中的平均活性胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1；低脂餐：6.44 [0.78] pg/mL，低脂餐：2.46 [0.26] pg/mL；P 结论：低脂餐使餐后血浆中的平均活性胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）增加：在短期内，内源性肠源性食欲激素并不一定决定自由摄入的能量。

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来源期刊

Obesity 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

11.70

自引率

1.40%

发文量

261

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Obesity is the official journal of The Obesity Society and is the premier source of information for increasing knowledge, fostering translational research from basic to population science, and promoting better treatment for people with obesity. Obesity publishes important peer-reviewed research and cutting-edge reviews, commentaries, and public health and medical developments.