Beyond clouds: Seamless flood mapping using Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 time series imagery and water occurrence data

IF 10.6 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2024.07.022
Zhiwei Li , Shaofen Xu , Qihao Weng
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters, posing significant risks to life, property, and infrastructure globally. Earth observation satellites provide data for continuous and extensive flood monitoring, yet limitations exist in the spatial completeness of monitoring using optical images due to cloud cover. Recent studies have developed gap-filling methods for reconstructing cloud-covered areas in water maps. However, these methods are not tailored for and validated in cloudy and rainy flooding scenarios with rapid water extent changes and limited clear-sky observations, leaving room for further improvements. This study investigated and developed a novel reconstruction method for time series flood extent mapping, supporting spatially seamless monitoring of flood extents. The proposed method first identified surface water from time series images using a fine-tuned large foundation model. Then, the cloud-covered areas in the water maps were reconstructed, adhering to the introduced submaximal stability assumption, on the basis of the prior water occurrence data in the Global Surface Water dataset. The reconstructed time series water maps were refined through spatiotemporal Markov random field modeling for the final delineation of flooding areas. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated with Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 datasets under varying cloud cover conditions, enabling seamless flood mapping at 2–3-day frequency and 30 m resolution. Experiments at four global sites confirmed the superiority of the proposed method. It achieved higher reconstruction accuracy with average F1-scores of 0.931 during floods and 0.903 before/after floods, outperforming the typical gap-filling method with average F1-scores of 0.871 and 0.772, respectively. Additionally, the maximum flood extent maps and flood duration maps, which were composed on the basis of the reconstructed water maps, were more accurate than those using the original cloud-contaminated water maps. The benefits of synthetic aperture radar images (e.g., Sentinel-1) for enhancing flood mapping under cloud cover conditions were also discussed. The method proposed in this paper provided an effective way for flood monitoring in cloudy and rainy scenarios, supporting emergency response and disaster management. The code and datasets used in this study have been made available online (https://github.com/dr-lizhiwei/SeamlessFloodMapper).

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超越云层:利用协调大地遥感卫星和哨兵-2 时间序列图像以及水文发生数据进行无缝洪水测绘
洪水是最具破坏性的自然灾害之一,对全球生命、财产和基础设施构成重大风险。地球观测卫星为连续、广泛的洪水监测提供数据,但由于云层覆盖,使用光学图像进行监测的空间完整性受到限制。最近的研究开发了一些填补空白的方法,用于重建水地图中的云层覆盖区域。然而,这些方法并不适合水域范围变化迅速、晴空观测有限的多云和多雨洪水情况,也没有在这种情况下得到验证,因此仍有进一步改进的空间。本研究调查并开发了一种用于绘制时间序列洪水范围图的新型重建方法,以支持洪水范围的空间无缝监测。该方法首先使用微调的大型基础模型从时间序列图像中识别地表水。然后,以全球地表水数据集中的先期水情发生数据为基础,遵循引入的次最大稳定性假设,重建水情图中的云覆盖区域。通过时空马尔可夫随机场建模,对重建的时间序列水地图进行细化,以最终划定洪涝区。在不同的云层覆盖条件下,利用协调大地卫星和哨兵-2 数据集评估了所提方法的有效性,从而实现了 2-3 天频率和 30 米分辨率的无缝洪水测绘。在全球四个地点进行的实验证实了拟议方法的优越性。它实现了更高的重建精度,洪水期间的平均 F1 分数为 0.931,洪水前后的平均 F1 分数为 0.903,优于典型的填隙法(平均 F1 分数分别为 0.871 和 0.772)。此外,在重建水图的基础上绘制的最大洪水范围图和洪水持续时间图比使用原始云污染水图绘制的更为精确。此外,还讨论了合成孔径雷达图像(如哨兵-1)在云层覆盖条件下增强洪水测绘的优势。本文提出的方法为多云和多雨情况下的洪水监测提供了有效途径,为应急响应和灾害管理提供了支持。本研究中使用的代码和数据集可在网上查阅()。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 工程技术-成像科学与照相技术
CiteScore
21.00
自引率
6.30%
发文量
273
审稿时长
40 days
期刊介绍: The ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (P&RS) serves as the official journal of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS). It acts as a platform for scientists and professionals worldwide who are involved in various disciplines that utilize photogrammetry, remote sensing, spatial information systems, computer vision, and related fields. The journal aims to facilitate communication and dissemination of advancements in these disciplines, while also acting as a comprehensive source of reference and archive. P&RS endeavors to publish high-quality, peer-reviewed research papers that are preferably original and have not been published before. These papers can cover scientific/research, technological development, or application/practical aspects. Additionally, the journal welcomes papers that are based on presentations from ISPRS meetings, as long as they are considered significant contributions to the aforementioned fields. In particular, P&RS encourages the submission of papers that are of broad scientific interest, showcase innovative applications (especially in emerging fields), have an interdisciplinary focus, discuss topics that have received limited attention in P&RS or related journals, or explore new directions in scientific or professional realms. It is preferred that theoretical papers include practical applications, while papers focusing on systems and applications should include a theoretical background.
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