In the shadows of OCD: Jordanian patients' experiences during the COVID-19 quarantine

Abstract

What Is Known on the Subject?

• The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new sources of stress and challenges for people dealing with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).

What the Paper Adds to Existing Knowledge?

• The study uncovered the unique experiences of Jordanian patients with OCD during the COVID-19 pandemic, revealing three main themes: Navigating Constraints: The Dual Pathways of Social Engagement and Avoidance, estranging family attachments and shifting OCD landscapes.
• Family dynamics played a significant role, with some families unintentionally exacerbating OCD symptoms through excessive accommodation, while others openly expressed irritation, both contributing to worsened symptoms.
• The research unveiled a notable deficiency in the availability of professional mental health support for individuals with OCD throughout the pandemic.

What Are the Implications for Practice?

• Accessible and culturally appropriate e-mental health interventions can bridge the gap in mental health support, especially during crises like the pandemic.
• It is crucial to involve family members in the treatment process to address family dynamics that may either support or hinder recovery among patients with OCD.

Introduction

Pandemics, like COVID-19, can significantly harm the mental well-being and overall quality of life for individuals and their families. Those with pre-existing mental conditions, especially obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), are more vulnerable to negative psychosocial effects since the fear of being infected or transmitting infection to others are some of the main characteristics of the illness. There is a need for a nuanced understanding of the personal, social and cultural experiences of people with OCD within their specific psychosocial context.

Aim

To explore how Jordanian patients with OCD experienced their illness during COVID-19.

Method

A descriptive phenomenological design using semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 12 patients diagnosed with OCD and experiencing different types of OCD symptoms. Data were analysed thematically, and reported based on the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) checklist for qualitative studies.

Results

Three main themes emerged: (1) Navigating Constraints: The Dual Pathways of Social Engagement and Avoidance (seeking solace through social interaction and embracing quarantine as an opportunity for social avoidance); (2) Estranging family attachments (enforcing proximity and struggling with intimacy); and (3) Shifting OCD landscapes (transforming existing obsessions and escaping to new compulsions). The interviews documented a complete lack of references to receiving professional mental health support throughout the pandemic.

Discussion

This study aligns with previous research indicating a surge in OCD severity during the pandemic, fuelled by distressing news and heightened hygiene measures. Notably, it underscores the strain on familial relationships, with some cases showing protective effects but many demonstrating worsening symptoms due to excessive family accommodation. The absence of professional mental health support during the pandemic raises questions about the quality and accessibility of mental health services in Jordan.

Implications for Practice

The findings underscore the need for continued mental health support and intervention, particularly during times of heightened stress and isolation. Integrating e-mental health resources and cultural adaptation can play a vital role in providing accessible and effective support for individuals with OCD, including those in the Jordanian Arab culture. As we navigate future challenges, it is crucial to prioritize the well-being of individuals with OCD and ensure they have access to appropriate and tailored mental health services.