{"title":"Understanding the wettability and solubility properties of TiCx-steel systems","authors":"Wen Gao , Yang Zhou , Songze Wu , Wenqing Wei , Chunpeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106841","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dense non-stoichiometric TiC<sub>x</sub> ceramics (TiC<sub>0.8</sub>, TiC<sub>0.73</sub>, TiC<sub>0.7</sub> and TiC<sub>0.58</sub>) had been fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at elevated temperature and pressure. High temperature contact angle tests were performed on TiC<sub>x</sub>-45 steel/brake disc (BD) materials using a sessile drop technique. The influence of temperature, ceramic and steel composition on wetting behavior was examined, and the interfacial reactions during liquid penetration were explored. The results had established that increased temperatures and decreased ceramic x values enhanced the wetting of TiC<sub>x</sub>-steel systems. The wetting mechanisms of TiC<sub>0.8</sub>–45 steel, TiC<sub>0.73</sub>–45 steel, and TiC<sub>0.7</sub>–45 steel systems were driven by dissolution effects with the formation of TiC and Fe. Conversely, wetting of TiC<sub>0.58</sub>–45 steel was driven by reaction that resulted in the formation of brittle Fe<sub>2</sub>Ti. Careful control of the C/Ti ratio was essential to prevent Fe<sub>2</sub>Ti formation where the optimum TiC<sub>x</sub> composition was identified (x = 0.7). At high temperatures, Ti atoms in TiC<sub>x</sub> were more likely to combine with C atoms from Cr and Mo carbides, promoting BD material diffusion in TiC<sub>x</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 106841"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263436824002890","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Dense non-stoichiometric TiCx ceramics (TiC0.8, TiC0.73, TiC0.7 and TiC0.58) had been fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at elevated temperature and pressure. High temperature contact angle tests were performed on TiCx-45 steel/brake disc (BD) materials using a sessile drop technique. The influence of temperature, ceramic and steel composition on wetting behavior was examined, and the interfacial reactions during liquid penetration were explored. The results had established that increased temperatures and decreased ceramic x values enhanced the wetting of TiCx-steel systems. The wetting mechanisms of TiC0.8–45 steel, TiC0.73–45 steel, and TiC0.7–45 steel systems were driven by dissolution effects with the formation of TiC and Fe. Conversely, wetting of TiC0.58–45 steel was driven by reaction that resulted in the formation of brittle Fe2Ti. Careful control of the C/Ti ratio was essential to prevent Fe2Ti formation where the optimum TiCx composition was identified (x = 0.7). At high temperatures, Ti atoms in TiCx were more likely to combine with C atoms from Cr and Mo carbides, promoting BD material diffusion in TiCx.
期刊介绍：
The International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials (IJRMHM) publishes original research articles concerned with all aspects of refractory metals and hard materials. Refractory metals are defined as metals with melting points higher than 1800 °C. These are tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, tantalum, niobium, hafnium, and rhenium, as well as many compounds and alloys based thereupon. Hard materials that are included in the scope of this journal are defined as materials with hardness values higher than 1000 kg/mm2, primarily intended for applications as manufacturing tools or wear resistant components in mechanical systems. Thus they encompass carbides, nitrides and borides of metals, and related compounds. A special focus of this journal is put on the family of hardmetals, which is also known as cemented tungsten carbide, and cermets which are based on titanium carbide and carbonitrides with or without a metal binder. Ceramics and superhard materials including diamond and cubic boron nitride may also be accepted provided the subject material is presented as hard materials as defined above.
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