Pub Date : 2025-04-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107204
Fengshun Du , Bohua Duan , Dezhi Wang , Zhuangzhi Wu , Xinli Liu
Improving the poor plasticity and fracture toughness of molybdenum alloys is the key to expanding their industrial applications. In this experiment, a cerium partially stabilized zirconia (Ce-PSZ) reinforced molybdenum alloy with outstanding properties was obtained by combining the hydrothermal method and the powder metallurgy technology. This study investigated how varying Ce-PSZ content influences the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo/Ce-PSZ alloys. The results show that with increasing Ce-PSZ addition, the relative density and hardness of the alloys gradually increase, while the tensile strength, plasticity, and fracture toughness exhibit a tendency to initially increase and subsequently decrease. When 1.5 wt% of Ce-PSZ is added, the Mo alloys achieve excellent overall mechanical properties, with an ultimate tensile strength of 528.5 MPa, elongation of 29.3 %, and fracture toughness of 38.5 MPa∙m1/2. These values are about 22.7 %, 22.5 %, and 83.3 % higher than those of pure molybdenum. The substantial enhancement in elongation and fracture toughness can be predominantly ascribed to the refinement of grains and the stress-induced Ce-PSZ phase transformation. This research provides a novel method for the preparation of molybdenum alloys with high fracture toughness and elongation.
{"title":"Preparation, microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ce-PSZ reinforced molybdenum alloy","authors":"Fengshun Du , Bohua Duan , Dezhi Wang , Zhuangzhi Wu , Xinli Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the poor plasticity and fracture toughness of molybdenum alloys is the key to expanding their industrial applications. In this experiment, a cerium partially stabilized zirconia (Ce-PSZ) reinforced molybdenum alloy with outstanding properties was obtained by combining the hydrothermal method and the powder metallurgy technology. This study investigated how varying Ce-PSZ content influences the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo/Ce-PSZ alloys. The results show that with increasing Ce-PSZ addition, the relative density and hardness of the alloys gradually increase, while the tensile strength, plasticity, and fracture toughness exhibit a tendency to initially increase and subsequently decrease. When 1.5 wt% of Ce-PSZ is added, the Mo alloys achieve excellent overall mechanical properties, with an ultimate tensile strength of 528.5 MPa, elongation of 29.3 %, and fracture toughness of 38.5 MPa∙m<sup>1/2</sup>. These values are about 22.7 %, 22.5 %, and 83.3 % higher than those of pure molybdenum. The substantial enhancement in elongation and fracture toughness can be predominantly ascribed to the refinement of grains and the stress-induced Ce-PSZ phase transformation. This research provides a novel method for the preparation of molybdenum alloys with high fracture toughness and elongation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107204"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107203
Lang Cui , Guohui Xu , Kai Liu , Jianjie Hao , Jian Zhao , Jing Cui , Guang Liu , Enkang Hao , Jie Zou
In this study, two types of tantalum powders were deposited using cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM). We focused on comparing the effects of hydride-dehydride polygonal tantalum powder (A-Ta) and plasma-atomized spherical tantalum powder (STa) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological performance of the resulting deposits. Results revealed that under identical spraying conditions, A-Ta powder achieved a higher deposition efficiency (DE) of 86 %, compared to 61 % for STa powder. Both deposits demonstrated low porosity; however, the A-Ta deposit exhibited significantly superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 350 MPa, approximately 2.1 times higher than the STa deposit. Moreover, the A-Ta deposit showed enhanced wear resistance. At a heat flux density of 2.4 MW/m2, the A-Ta deposit demonstrated excellent ablation resistance, exhibiting a linear ablation rate of only −0.0012 μm/s after a 10-s exposure. These findings highlight the considerable potential of low-cost polygonal A-Ta powder for high-temperature ablation protection applications, establishing it as a promising candidate for CSAM of tantalum layers.
{"title":"Influence of feedpowder morphology on microstructure and mechanical properties of Tantalum produced by cold spray additive manufacturing","authors":"Lang Cui , Guohui Xu , Kai Liu , Jianjie Hao , Jian Zhao , Jing Cui , Guang Liu , Enkang Hao , Jie Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, two types of tantalum powders were deposited using cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM). We focused on comparing the effects of hydride-dehydride polygonal tantalum powder (A-Ta) and plasma-atomized spherical tantalum powder (S<img>Ta) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological performance of the resulting deposits. Results revealed that under identical spraying conditions, A-Ta powder achieved a higher deposition efficiency (DE) of 86 %, compared to 61 % for S<img>Ta powder. Both deposits demonstrated low porosity; however, the A-Ta deposit exhibited significantly superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 350 MPa, approximately 2.1 times higher than the S<img>Ta deposit. Moreover, the A-Ta deposit showed enhanced wear resistance. At a heat flux density of 2.4 MW/m<sup>2</sup>, the A-Ta deposit demonstrated excellent ablation resistance, exhibiting a linear ablation rate of only −0.0012 μm/s after a 10-s exposure. These findings highlight the considerable potential of low-cost polygonal A-Ta powder for high-temperature ablation protection applications, establishing it as a promising candidate for CSAM of tantalum layers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107187
Yingying Chen , Zheng Ma , Xilong Dou , Gang Jiang
Transition metal W-P compounds with excellent mechanical and superconducting properties have attracted tremendous research interest. Herein, the mechanical, phonon, and superconducting properties of five W-P compounds are studied by first-principles and electron-phonon calculations. The phonon and elastic constants calculated results reveal that the five W-P compounds are dynamically and mechanically stable. Simultaneously, these compounds are elastic anisotropic. The Cmc21-WP2 has high hardness of 21.04 GPa, which is harder than W2C (15.5 GPa) [Int. J. Refract. Met. H. 2024, 123, 106,745]. Furthermore, the P-6 m2-WP not only has excellent mechanical properties with the larger stiffness and hardness (16.66 GPa), but also has superconducting critical temperature of 0.62 K mainly due to the low-frequency (below 6THz) acoustic phonon modes originated from the motion of W-5d atoms.
{"title":"Semimetal P-6m2-WP with high hardness and superconductivity","authors":"Yingying Chen , Zheng Ma , Xilong Dou , Gang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transition metal W-P compounds with excellent mechanical and superconducting properties have attracted tremendous research interest. Herein, the mechanical, phonon, and superconducting properties of five W-P compounds are studied by first-principles and electron-phonon calculations. The phonon and elastic constants calculated results reveal that the five W-P compounds are dynamically and mechanically stable. Simultaneously, these compounds are elastic anisotropic. The <em>Cmc</em>21-WP<sub>2</sub> has high hardness of 21.04 GPa, which is harder than W<sub>2</sub>C (15.5 GPa) [Int. J. Refract. Met. H. 2024, 123, 106,745]. Furthermore, the <em>P-</em>6 <em>m</em>2-WP not only has excellent mechanical properties with the larger stiffness and hardness (16.66 GPa), but also has superconducting critical temperature of 0.62 K mainly due to the low-frequency (below 6THz) acoustic phonon modes originated from the motion of W-5d atoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107198
Wentao Jiang , Tiantian Wang , Xiaohong Wang , Bo Jiang , Xin Wang , Ye Wang , Hongyu Xu , Maoliang Hu , Dongdong Zhu
In this study, AlMo0.5NbTiVSix (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) refractory high-entropy alloys were fabricated by vacuum arc-melting, and the effects of Si on the oxidation resistance were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the oxidation behavior of alloys without Si addition primarily involved metal-gas interface reactions and solid-solution diffusion through the oxide layer. After the introduction of the Si element, Si formed the M5Si3-type intermetallic compound phase with Ti and Nb attributed to their strong bonding ability and acted as a short-circuit diffusion channel, contributing to the accelerated corrosion of oxygen on the interior of the alloy during the oxidation process. In addition to the metal-gas interface reaction and solid-solution diffusion through the oxide layer, the oxidation behavior of Si-containing RHEAs in our study also comprised the influence of the phase interface, suggesting that the nucleation sites of the oxide included the phase interface between BCC and M5Si3 phase. High Si content was not conducive to the antioxidant performance of RHEAs. Furthermore, the oxidation products and mechanisms of AlMo0.5NbTiVSix alloys were discussed from a thermodynamic perspective.
{"title":"Effect of Si additions on the oxidation behavior of AlMo0.5NbTiVSix refractory high-entropy alloys at 1073 K","authors":"Wentao Jiang , Tiantian Wang , Xiaohong Wang , Bo Jiang , Xin Wang , Ye Wang , Hongyu Xu , Maoliang Hu , Dongdong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, AlMo<sub>0.5</sub>NbTiVSi<sub>x</sub> (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) refractory high-entropy alloys were fabricated by vacuum arc-melting, and the effects of Si on the oxidation resistance were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the oxidation behavior of alloys without Si addition primarily involved metal-gas interface reactions and solid-solution diffusion through the oxide layer. After the introduction of the Si element, Si formed the M<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>-type intermetallic compound phase with Ti and Nb attributed to their strong bonding ability and acted as a short-circuit diffusion channel, contributing to the accelerated corrosion of oxygen on the interior of the alloy during the oxidation process. In addition to the metal-gas interface reaction and solid-solution diffusion through the oxide layer, the oxidation behavior of Si-containing RHEAs in our study also comprised the influence of the phase interface, suggesting that the nucleation sites of the oxide included the phase interface between BCC and M<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> phase. High Si content was not conducive to the antioxidant performance of RHEAs. Furthermore, the oxidation products and mechanisms of AlMo<sub>0.5</sub>NbTiVSi<sub>x</sub> alloys were discussed from a thermodynamic perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107191
Tianqi Huo , Fenglong Sun , Xuheng Liu , Xingyu Chen , Jiangtao Li , Lihua He , Wenjuan Zhang , Zhongwei Zhao
In this research, an ammonia-free recycling method for tungsten scraps is proposed, involving the preliminary oxidation of waste tungsten carbide, reduction to intermediate-valence tungsten oxides, and subsequent dissolution in hydrogen peroxide to produce peroxotungstic acid (PTA), a valuable precursor for tungsten products. The study emphasizes stabilizing intermediate-valence tungsten oxides during carbon reduction to achieve higher dissolution efficiency in hydrogen peroxide. Experimental results demonstrate that controlling the roasting conditions effectively regulates the degree of oxidation, while optimization of carbon reduction parameters ensures stable formation of intermediate-valence tungsten oxides. Dissolution experiments further confirm that tungsten dioxide (WO2) serves as an optimal precursor due to its high solubility and relatively low hydrogen peroxide consumption. Under optimized carbon reduction conditions (1000 °C, WO3:C molar ratio of 1:2), process enhancements enabled a dissolution rate exceeding 97 %, ensuring efficient tungsten recovery while reducing hydrogen peroxide consumption.
{"title":"Synthesis of intermediate-valence tungsten oxides via carbon reduction and their dissolution behavior in hydrogen peroxide","authors":"Tianqi Huo , Fenglong Sun , Xuheng Liu , Xingyu Chen , Jiangtao Li , Lihua He , Wenjuan Zhang , Zhongwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, an ammonia-free recycling method for tungsten scraps is proposed, involving the preliminary oxidation of waste tungsten carbide, reduction to intermediate-valence tungsten oxides, and subsequent dissolution in hydrogen peroxide to produce peroxotungstic acid (PTA), a valuable precursor for tungsten products. The study emphasizes stabilizing intermediate-valence tungsten oxides during carbon reduction to achieve higher dissolution efficiency in hydrogen peroxide. Experimental results demonstrate that controlling the roasting conditions effectively regulates the degree of oxidation, while optimization of carbon reduction parameters ensures stable formation of intermediate-valence tungsten oxides. Dissolution experiments further confirm that tungsten dioxide (WO<sub>2</sub>) serves as an optimal precursor due to its high solubility and relatively low hydrogen peroxide consumption. Under optimized carbon reduction conditions (1000 °C, WO<sub>3</sub>:C molar ratio of 1:2), process enhancements enabled a dissolution rate exceeding 97 %, ensuring efficient tungsten recovery while reducing hydrogen peroxide consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107189
Binbin Hong , Yiyang Chen , Hongyu Chen , Te Zhu , Peng Zhang , Xingzhong Cao , Xiaoyu Zhao , Laima Luo , Pengqi Chen , Haifeng Li , Binghai Lyu
Surface quality can directly affect the hydrogen/helium retention behavior of tungsten, which will affect the safety and reliability of nuclear fusion reactors. At present, the polishing of polycrystalline tungsten for fusion reactors mainly has problems such as poor removal uniformity, preferential removal of grain boundaries, and processing defects. In this paper, a novel liquid film shearing polishing (LFSP) method was employed to process polycrystalline tungsten surfaces, which combines the shear rheological effect of non-Newtonian fluid with the strengthening effect of the surface-structured polishing plate. Systematic experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of various process parameters on surface quality, such as liquid film thickness, polishing speed, abrasive size, and abrasive concentration. The optimal polishing parameters were determined as a liquid film thickness of 2 mm, a polishing speed of 110 rpm, an abrasive size of 5 μm, and an abrasive concentration of 4 wt%. The surface morphology and roughness of samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and white light interferometry. Combined with surface force analysis, the material removal mechanism of LFSP was further revealed. Results show that the abrasive concentration was the critical factor affecting polishing quality, and the tungsten surface after LFSP was flatter than that after mechanical polishing (MP). Additionally, comparative analysis using transmission electron microscopy and positron annihilation spectroscopy revealed that tungsten polished by LFSP has fewer processing defects than MP. It seems that LFSP has a good application prospect in realizing high quality and low damage polishing of polycrystalline tungsten surface.
{"title":"Liquid film shearing polishing for high quality and low damage tungsten surface: Process optimization, removal mechanism, and processing defects","authors":"Binbin Hong , Yiyang Chen , Hongyu Chen , Te Zhu , Peng Zhang , Xingzhong Cao , Xiaoyu Zhao , Laima Luo , Pengqi Chen , Haifeng Li , Binghai Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface quality can directly affect the hydrogen/helium retention behavior of tungsten, which will affect the safety and reliability of nuclear fusion reactors. At present, the polishing of polycrystalline tungsten for fusion reactors mainly has problems such as poor removal uniformity, preferential removal of grain boundaries, and processing defects. In this paper, a novel liquid film shearing polishing (LFSP) method was employed to process polycrystalline tungsten surfaces, which combines the shear rheological effect of non-Newtonian fluid with the strengthening effect of the surface-structured polishing plate. Systematic experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of various process parameters on surface quality, such as liquid film thickness, polishing speed, abrasive size, and abrasive concentration. The optimal polishing parameters were determined as a liquid film thickness of 2 mm, a polishing speed of 110 rpm, an abrasive size of 5 μm, and an abrasive concentration of 4 wt%. The surface morphology and roughness of samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and white light interferometry. Combined with surface force analysis, the material removal mechanism of LFSP was further revealed. Results show that the abrasive concentration was the critical factor affecting polishing quality, and the tungsten surface after LFSP was flatter than that after mechanical polishing (MP). Additionally, comparative analysis using transmission electron microscopy and positron annihilation spectroscopy revealed that tungsten polished by LFSP has fewer processing defects than MP. It seems that LFSP has a good application prospect in realizing high quality and low damage polishing of polycrystalline tungsten surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107188
Yanni Wei , Mengfan Ma , Shuyuan Zhang , Yifan Hu , Quanning Li , Linghao Zhu
TZM-ZrC composites with different particle content were produced by high-energy ball milling and discharge plasma sintering technology. The density, microstructure and phase composition of the composites with different particle content were investigated. The microhardness and compressive strength at room and high temperature were tested. The strengthening mechanism was explored. The grain size and density of the composites gradually decrease as the ZrC content increase. The addition of ZrC particles provides C element to the matrix, and in situ reacts with the matrix Mo to form Mo2C and ZrC0.7. The generated reinforced phase and the unreacted stable carbide particles coexist in the grain and at the grain boundaries of the Mo matrix, which inhibit the growth of the grains. The average microhardness of TZM-ZrC composites reaches 670.66 HV, and the compressive strength at room temperature and high temperature (600 °C) is about 2200 MPa and 2000 MPa when the ZrC particle content is 10 %. The excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability of the TZM-ZrC composites are attributed to a synergistic effect of nano-scale dispersion strengthening of ZrC particles and fine-grain strengthening. The study can be used to develop other refractory alloys that have both high strength and high thermal stability for high-temperature applications.
{"title":"Investigation of the microstructure and properties of a ZrC-reinforced TZM molybdenum alloy","authors":"Yanni Wei , Mengfan Ma , Shuyuan Zhang , Yifan Hu , Quanning Li , Linghao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TZM-ZrC composites with different particle content were produced by high-energy ball milling and discharge plasma sintering technology. The density, microstructure and phase composition of the composites with different particle content were investigated. The microhardness and compressive strength at room and high temperature were tested. The strengthening mechanism was explored. The grain size and density of the composites gradually decrease as the ZrC content increase. The addition of ZrC particles provides C element to the matrix, and in situ reacts with the matrix Mo to form Mo<sub>2</sub>C and ZrC<sub>0.7</sub>. The generated reinforced phase and the unreacted stable carbide particles coexist in the grain and at the grain boundaries of the Mo matrix, which inhibit the growth of the grains. The average microhardness of TZM-ZrC composites reaches 670.66 HV, and the compressive strength at room temperature and high temperature (600 °C) is about 2200 MPa and 2000 MPa when the ZrC particle content is 10 %. The excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability of the TZM-ZrC composites are attributed to a synergistic effect of nano-scale dispersion strengthening of ZrC particles and fine-grain strengthening. The study can be used to develop other refractory alloys that have both high strength and high thermal stability for high-temperature applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107168
Chaodan Hu , Linjiang Chai , Zhichen Wang , Tao Yang , Yi Tang , Zhongwei Wang , Weijia Gong , Korukonda L. Murty
In this study, a zirconium sheet was fabricated utilizing laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) technique along with its microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance to be compared with a conventionally rolled and annealed (RA) zirconium sheet. The RA specimen exhibits equiaxed grains with uniform size and a bimodal basal texture, along with a few dispersed ZrFe2 particles. In contrast, the L-DED specimen is featured by parallel or interlaced laths (with dense entangled dislocations) and many Zr3Fe precipitates along the lath boundaries, exhibiting a nearly random texture. Tests reveal that the L-DED specimen shows nearly two times hardness and a ∼ 30 % reduced wear rate compared to the RA specimen. Such improvement can be jointly attributed to the enhanced second-phase, dislocation and grain refinement hardening/strengthening. This study verifies the feasibility of producing high performance zirconium materials through L-DED, which could provide some definite insight into further application of additive manufacturing to zirconium production.
{"title":"Microstructure and wear resistance of zirconium manufactured by laser directed energy deposition","authors":"Chaodan Hu , Linjiang Chai , Zhichen Wang , Tao Yang , Yi Tang , Zhongwei Wang , Weijia Gong , Korukonda L. Murty","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a zirconium sheet was fabricated utilizing laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) technique along with its microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance to be compared with a conventionally rolled and annealed (RA) zirconium sheet. The RA specimen exhibits equiaxed grains with uniform size and a bimodal basal texture, along with a few dispersed ZrFe<sub>2</sub> particles. In contrast, the L-DED specimen is featured by parallel or interlaced laths (with dense entangled dislocations) and many Zr<sub>3</sub>Fe precipitates along the lath boundaries, exhibiting a nearly random texture. Tests reveal that the L-DED specimen shows nearly two times hardness and a ∼ 30 % reduced wear rate compared to the RA specimen. Such improvement can be jointly attributed to the enhanced second-phase, dislocation and grain refinement hardening/strengthening. This study verifies the feasibility of producing high performance zirconium materials through L-DED, which could provide some definite insight into further application of additive manufacturing to zirconium production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107186
Guorui Chang , Xiaoyu Zheng , Yan Liu , Weili Wang , Na Li , Weibin Zhang
The novel graded cemented carbides, with continuous variations in composition and phase, offers distinct functionalities to the surface and core. In the present work, a novel nitrogen-induced graded model cemented carbides with γ'-strengthened binder phase was systematically studied. Under the guidance of thermal analysis, the WC-Co-Ni-AlN-MC (M = Ta, Nb) graded model cemented carbides were sintered at 1320 and 1350 °C for 2 h under vacuum, respectively. The evolution of microstructure, elemental distribution, phase distribution and hardness was analyzed from the surface to the core. It was revealed that two different types of graded layers were formed by adjusting the sintering temperature. Meanwhile, the observed γ' phase significantly enhanced the microhardness of the binder phase. Consequently, the novel graded model cemented carbides with γ'-strengthened binder phase exhibited high hardness on the surface and high toughness in the core. Moreover, the migration and diffusion behavior of elements, as well as the formation mechanism of the graded structure, are elucidated. This work presents an innovative framework for the advancement of novel graded cemented carbides.
{"title":"A novel nitrogen-induced graded cemented carbides with γ'-strengthened binder phase","authors":"Guorui Chang , Xiaoyu Zheng , Yan Liu , Weili Wang , Na Li , Weibin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The novel graded cemented carbides, with continuous variations in composition and phase, offers distinct functionalities to the surface and core. In the present work, a novel nitrogen-induced graded model cemented carbides with γ'-strengthened binder phase was systematically studied. Under the guidance of thermal analysis, the WC-Co-Ni-AlN-<em>M</em>C (<em>M</em> = Ta, Nb) graded model cemented carbides were sintered at 1320 and 1350 °C for 2 h under vacuum, respectively. The evolution of microstructure, elemental distribution, phase distribution and hardness was analyzed from the surface to the core. It was revealed that two different types of graded layers were formed by adjusting the sintering temperature. Meanwhile, the observed γ' phase significantly enhanced the microhardness of the binder phase. Consequently, the novel graded model cemented carbides with γ'-strengthened binder phase exhibited high hardness on the surface and high toughness in the core. Moreover, the migration and diffusion behavior of elements, as well as the formation mechanism of the graded structure, are elucidated. This work presents an innovative framework for the advancement of novel graded cemented carbides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107181
Quan Gao , Zhenlin Lu , Yuli Li , Yuhang Ding , Qiuyu Chen , Hao Li , Hengxin Xu , Xiangyong Cui , Taotao Sun
W-Fe-B ternary system with different composition ratio were fabricated the pressureless sintering method. Effects of different original powder content on the mechanical properties of the alloy at different W/B ratios were systematically investigated. The results showed that the density varies with the proportion of elements and raw materials in the alloy. W2FeB2 hard particles size, hardness, compressive strength and bending strength of W-Fe-B alloy first increased and then decreased with W/B element ratio changing from 0.5 to 0.6 and W raw powder content increasing from 45 wt% to 50 wt%. Synthesized W-Fe-B alloys have superior comprehensive properties with hardness of 531.4 ± 0.3 HV, compressive strength of 1050 ± 2 MPa and bending strength of 955 ± 5 MPa under 0.57 W/B ratio and 47.5 wt%-W. According to the results of tests, high performance W-Fe-B alloy would make greater contributions in future cutter and mould industries.
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