Exploring the health and ocular hazards of gadget usage in optometry students after COVID-19 lockdown: A qualitative study.

Abstract

Background: Prolonged screen time and abnormal postures can cause backache, neck pain, headache, and finger pain. Studies have shown that excessive usage of gadgets has increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, causing health and ocular hazards. This study used qualitative research methods to understand the health and ocular effects of gadget usage following the COVID-19 postlockdown in optometry students.

Materials and methods: A qualitative study using a semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted for undergraduate and postgraduate students in different optometry institutes who underwent at least 3 months of online teaching learning during the pandemic after obtaining informed consent. The interviews were conducted online; the sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Thematic analyses were conducted to understand the challenges faced.

Results: Twenty participants were interviewed, of which 70% (n = 14) were females. Thematic analysis identified seven major themes: gadget usage (frequency of usage, type of device, and time spent), challenges during online classes (comprehension, distraction, and network issues), ocular effects (asthenopic symptoms and ocular symptoms), health effects (musculoskeletal disorders), ways to relieve symptoms, recreational activities (breaks and entertainment), and environment and ergonomics (posture and study area and preferred lighting). All the participants reported ocular/health-related symptoms, including eye strain, burning sensation, headache, back pain, finger pain, and neck pain post the lockdown period due to prolonged gadget usage and poor ergonomic postures.

Conclusions: Given the significant increase in digital usage following the pandemic, the study's findings are currently relevant. The prolonged usage of gadgets and poor ergonomic postures have led to ocular and musculoskeletal problems among optometry students. To improve gadget usage without any health-related consequences, students should have access to information regarding ergonomics, increasing the blink rate, and taking regular digital breaks.