Oman Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is a connective tissue disorder with a vast majority of clinical presentations and prognostic outcomes. This case series highlights various ocular presentations, their responses to treatment strategies, and final visual outcomes. It was an observational case series at a tertiary eye care center. Three patients with BCS and different corneal pathologies were managed and studied. The first case presented with wound dehiscence, a shallow anterior chamber, and a disenclaved iris claw lens. He underwent intraocular lens (IOL) explantation and wound closure using cyanoacrylate glue and a bandage contact lens. The second case involved corneal ectasia with rupture and an intumescent cataract, along with lens-endothelial touch. He underwent lens aspiration with posterior chamber IOL implantation and epi-keratoplasty with a biosynthetic cornea. However, the biosynthetic cornea had to be removed due to a severe inflammatory reaction following the procedure. The patient was later rehabilitated with deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. The third patient presented with bilateral tractional descemet membrane detachment resulting from multiple minor injuries. Refraction with prescription glasses was used for visual rehabilitation. In conclusion, the management of BCS requires individualized treatment strategies tailored to each patient's presentation and response.

Purpose: To study the incidence, morphology, and factors affecting macular edema after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Study design: Retrospective study.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted at a single institution over a period of 1 year. Adults who underwent PPV and silicone oil injection for the repair of primary RRD were included in the study. The main outcome measure was the incidence of macular edema at 3 months post surgery.

Results: A total of 45 eyes were included. The incidence of macular edema was found to be 26.66% (12 out of 45), with the most common type being spongiform. Patients with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) changes at presentation were significantly more prone to develop macular edema (P = 0.007). However, internal limiting membrane peel, duration of RRD, pseudophakia, and macula status were not found to be significant risk factors. Five patients with increased central retinal thickness on optical coherence tomography were given posterior subtenon triamcinolone injections.

Conclusion: Macular edema is a relatively common complication after PPV, with an incidence of 26.66% in our study, which can result in suboptimal visual gain. Severe PVR was found to be a significant risk factor for macular edema.

A 61-year-old healthy female patient underwent an uneventful left phacoemulsification procedure under local anesthesia for a left visually significant senile cataract. One month postoperatively, her decimal visual acuity improved from 0.06 preoperatively to 0.5. However, 3 months postoperatively, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) had decreased to 0.3. Fundus examination revealed the development of a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Diagnosis was confirmed by optical coherence tomography of the macula, which demonstrated FTMH. The patient subsequently underwent pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling using an inverted flap technique, and injection of gas (C3F8 12%) as an endotamponade. Six months postoperatively, she showed a favorable anatomical closure with restoration of the macular contour and visual improvement to 0.63. Timely detection and management of FTMH following phacoemulsification is crucial for optimizing postoperative visual outcome, as this is a rare but serious complication of cataract surgery. The underlying pathophysiology of this condition remains unclear and is believed to be multifactorial. Prompt recognition and appropriate surgical intervention are essential to achieve the best possible visual outcomes in such cases.

Background: To assess the impact of prolonged face mask use on the physiological and histological features of the ocular surface in hydrogel and silicone hydrogel contact lens wearers.

Materials and methods: A single-blind cohort study was conducted among neophyte contact lens wearers aged 18-25 years, divided into hydrogel and silicone hydrogel groups. Tear film parameters were evaluated using noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), meibomian gland loss (MGL), ocular redness (OR), and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores. Impression cytology samples from the nasal bulbar conjunctiva were collected using 0.22 μm micropore, 5 mm × 3 mm cellulose acetate filter paper to assess goblet cell count (GCC). Multivariate analyses of variance with Tukey post hoc analysis was used to compare the outcomes between face mask wear and nonwear conditions.

Results: A significant decrease in NITBUT and Schirmer's test, along with increased MGL, was observed in hydrogel contact lens wearers when comparing face mask use to nonuse. No statistically significant changes were noted in TMH, GCC, OSDI, or ocular redness. Similarly, significant reductions in NITBUT and Schirmer's test were found in silicone hydrogel contact lens wearers with face mask wear compared to nonwear. Logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between face mask wear and ocular redness.

Conclusion: Prolonged face mask use may affect ocular surface health, particularly in hydrogel contact lens wearers. Further research is needed to explore interventions to mitigate adverse effects and optimize ocular comfort for individuals wearing face masks for extended periods.

Background: The background of the study was to design and validate an Arabic logMAR (UOB) version chart for testing distance visual acuity based on the constructed principle conceived by Bailey and Lovie chart.

Methods: Selected Arabic alphabets were designed on a 5 × 5 grid to test the visual acuity at 4 m distance. Out of the 28 Arabic alphabets, 10 optotypes with comparable legibility elements were chosen experimentally to construct the chart. The validity and repeatability were examined of the designed against a standard logMAR chart and existing Arabic logMAR (Al Mufarrej) version using the paired t-test.

Results: A total of 14 rows (1.0 to-0.3 logMAR) with five letters in each line were designed with the range of legibility between 1.07913 and 0.993822. The visual acuity score of UOB Arabic logMAR ranged between -0.02 and 0.24 (mean 0.045 ± 0.061. The chart demonstrated no significant difference compared with the standard logMAR (P = 0.248) and Al Mufarrej logMAR version (P = 0.318).

Conclusion: The newly constructed Arabic logMAR UOB version chart has demonstrated good validity and repeatability when compared to the standard logMAR. The statistical differences in visual acuity measurements between the newly Arabic logMAR UOB version chart, and the standard logMAR chart was within the acceptable limits. Likewise, it can be registered, listed, and used to test visual acuity clinically among the literate Arabic population.

Subfoveal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) have been reported to develop full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). The response to treatment has been varied in different reports, with most cases having persistent PED even after successful surgical closure of the macular hole. Here, we report an unusual case of nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration, having a large subfoveal serous PED, leading to the formation of a large FTMH, which showed complete flattening of the PED with a successful closure of the macular hole with the surgical approach.

Background: For patients who have apparent disfigurement of the eye, ocular prostheses are an essential kind of treatment. Students from medical colleges can play a major role in sensitizing needy patients to the availability of prosthetic devices for the correction of eye disfiguration. To do this, they must be reasonably aware and knowledgeable about the availability, functioning and general aspects of ocular prosthetics. The purpose of the study was to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude regarding ocular prosthetics in students studying allied health sciences (AHS), medicine, and nursing.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out using a self-administered, closed-ended, structured questionnaire to gather information on awareness, knowledge and attitude towards ocular prosthetics from AHS, medical and nursing students of Goa.

Results: A total of 322 pupils took part in the study. The primary source of information included classroom lectures, workshops and conferences (46.0%), followed by internet resources and social media (33.5%). The knowledge and attitude differed significantly between AHS, medical, and nursing students. Overall, 3^rd-year students had adequate knowledge scores (8.39 ± 2.4) compared to 2^nd-year (5.71 ± 3.0) and 1^st-year students (3.95 ± 3.4).

Conclusions: Students had deficient knowledge of certain aspects of ocular prosthesis, indicating a need for education in the subject. The study also highlights how students' knowledge and attitude can influence the future of prosthetic rehabilitation.