Effect of Loss of Lumbar Lordosis on Spinal Flexibility and Function

Abstract

Lumbar lordosis, the natural inward curvature of the lower spine, is essential for balance and mechanical stress distribution. Loss of lumbar lordosis, or hypolordosis, can adversely affect spinal flexibility and function. This study examines the biomechanical and functional impacts of reduced lumbar curvature to inform clinical practices. This cross-sectional study included 60 subjects divided into three groups based on lumbar lordosis (LL) angles: Group A (LL < 10°), Group B (10° ≤ LL < 20°), and Group C (LL ≥ 20°). Inclusion criteria included adults aged 20-65 years with diagnosed hypolordosis, excluding those with severe spinal conditions, recent major spinal surgery, neurological disorders, severe comorbidities, and pregnancy. Clinical evaluations involved medical history, physical examination, and questionnaires (Visual Analog Scale for pain, Oswestry Disability Index). Radiographic measurements, Sit-and-Reach test for flexibility, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) were conducted. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Significant differences were observed between the groups (p < 0.001). Group A had the highest pain (VAS: 7.2 ± 1.5), disability (ODI: 45 ± 10%), and lowest flexibility (Sit-and-Reach: 5.0 ± 2.5 cm) and functional capacity (TUG: 14.5 ± 2.0 seconds, 6MWT: 300 ± 50 meters). Group B showed intermediate values, while Group C had the lowest pain (VAS: 4.2 ± 1.0), disability (ODI: 25 ± 7%), and highest flexibility and functional capacity (Sit-and-Reach: 12.0 ± 3.5 cm, TUG: 9.5 ± 1.2 seconds, 6MWT: 400 ± 40 meters). Loss of lumbar lordosis significantly impacts spinal biomechanics and function, with greater loss linked to higher pain, disability, and reduced flexibility and function. Maintaining lumbar curvature is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Further research should explore long-term corrective interventions. Key words: Lumbar lordosis, hypolordosis, spinal flexibility, spinal function, pain, disability, biomechanics, clinical management