{"title":"Biopolymer and Gypsum Added Na Bentonite for a More Effective Clay Liner","authors":"Ali Hossien Basheer Garoushi, Eris Uygar","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09386-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bentonite soil is frequently utilized as a compacted clay liner, which is a critical component of municipal waste landfill systems. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of treating sodium bentonite (NAB) with natural biopolymers to obtain an effective clay liner. The NAB was treated with three biopolymers: sodium alginate (SA), agar gum (A), and xanthan gum (X), at different replacement percentages (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). Additionally, an investigation was conducted to determine the extent to which replacing 50% of these additives with gypsum (G) would improve the biopolymer treatments. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pH, one-dimensional swelling, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were carried out in this study. The FTIR results indicated the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding when NAB was treated with biopolymers and gypsum, which is crucial for enhancing the UCS. Furthermore, the thermal treatment of biopolymers significantly contributes to improving the UCS. Among the various biopolymers tested, agar gum demonstrated the most significant improvement, specifically, replacing 8% of the NAB with agar gum resulted in a 55% increase in UCS. Volume change behavior was most influenced by replacement of NAB with gypsum by 8%, which reduced the vertical swelling to 21% as opposed to 79% for the untreated NAB. The use of SA conversely resulted in an increased vertical swelling of 91%.</p>","PeriodicalId":8109,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09386-8","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Multidisciplinary","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Bentonite soil is frequently utilized as a compacted clay liner, which is a critical component of municipal waste landfill systems. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of treating sodium bentonite (NAB) with natural biopolymers to obtain an effective clay liner. The NAB was treated with three biopolymers: sodium alginate (SA), agar gum (A), and xanthan gum (X), at different replacement percentages (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). Additionally, an investigation was conducted to determine the extent to which replacing 50% of these additives with gypsum (G) would improve the biopolymer treatments. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pH, one-dimensional swelling, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were carried out in this study. The FTIR results indicated the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding when NAB was treated with biopolymers and gypsum, which is crucial for enhancing the UCS. Furthermore, the thermal treatment of biopolymers significantly contributes to improving the UCS. Among the various biopolymers tested, agar gum demonstrated the most significant improvement, specifically, replacing 8% of the NAB with agar gum resulted in a 55% increase in UCS. Volume change behavior was most influenced by replacement of NAB with gypsum by 8%, which reduced the vertical swelling to 21% as opposed to 79% for the untreated NAB. The use of SA conversely resulted in an increased vertical swelling of 91%.
期刊介绍:
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) partnered with Springer to publish the Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (AJSE).
AJSE, which has been published by KFUPM since 1975, is a recognized national, regional and international journal that provides a great opportunity for the dissemination of research advances from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, MENA and the world.