Spiny lobster predation of barrens-forming sea urchins is not limited by body size, but may be overstated

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.4960
Jeremy K. Day, Nathan A. Knott, Daniel S. Swadling, David Ayre, Megan J. Huggett, Troy F. Gaston
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Abstract

Worldwide, lobsters are considered key predators that control urchin populations. It has been widely reported that lobster size plays a significant role in the size of urchins they feed on, as does the size of the urchin. Generally, it is thought that small palinurid “spiny” lobsters measuring less than 120 mm carapace length (CL) are morphologically incapable of eating urchins, while large lobsters are voracious predators. Urchin size is expected to affect predation with larger urchins of greater than 90 mm test diameter (TD) presenting the most difficult prey. These generalities, however, have not been quantitatively tested for the eastern spiny lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi and recently the accepted size paradigm for lobsters eating urchins has come into question. The aim of this study was to assess whether lobster predation on urchins would differ with urchin size or species, or the size of lobster. Our results indicate that S. verreauxi does not fit the common lobster patterns regarding urchin predation. There were generally low rates of predation and a significant negative relationship between feeding and both lobster size and urchin size. We found that small lobsters were capable urchin predators with a higher likelihood of eating urchins than larger lobsters, which were more reluctant predators. While we did find the expected effect of smaller urchins being significantly more vulnerable prey, there was none of the expected size limitations for small lobsters eating large urchins and predation did not differ between urchin species, indicating that this was a general pattern. Overall, we observed low rates of predation, suggesting that either S. verreauxi may not be a key urchin predator like other lobster species elsewhere, or that small lobsters are underestimated as urchin predators in temperate marine ecosystems.

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刺龙虾捕食荒地海胆不受体型限制,但可能被夸大了
在世界范围内,龙虾被认为是控制海胆数量的主要捕食者。据广泛报道,龙虾的大小与海胆的大小一样,对海胆的大小起着重要作用。一般认为,体长(CL)小于120毫米的小 "棘 "龙虾在形态上不能吃海胆,而大龙虾则是贪婪的捕食者。海胆的大小预计会影响捕食,测试直径(TD)大于90毫米的大海胆是最难捕食的猎物。然而,这些普遍性尚未在东部棘龙虾(Sagmariasus verreauxi)身上得到定量检验,而且最近龙虾吃海胆的公认尺寸范式也受到了质疑。本研究的目的是评估龙虾捕食海胆是否会因海胆的大小、种类或龙虾的大小而有所不同。我们的研究结果表明,S. verreauxi并不符合龙虾捕食海胆的常见模式。龙虾的捕食率普遍较低,捕食与龙虾大小和海胆大小之间存在显著的负相关关系。我们发现,小龙虾比大龙虾更有能力捕食海胆,吃海胆的可能性更高,而大龙虾则更不情愿捕食海胆。虽然我们确实发现了较小的海胆更容易成为猎物的预期效果,但小龙虾吃大海胆并没有预期的大小限制,而且不同海胆种类之间的捕食也没有差异,这表明这是一种普遍的模式。总体而言,我们观察到的捕食率很低,这表明,要么疣龙虾可能不像其他地方的龙虾物种一样是海胆的主要捕食者,要么就是低估了小龙虾在温带海洋生态系统中作为海胆捕食者的作用。
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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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