Determinants of seasonal circular migration during Spain’s rural exodus, 1955–1973

IF 1.5 1区 历史学 Q2 ECONOMICS Cliometrica Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI:10.1007/s11698-024-00293-4
José Antonio García-Barrero
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Abstract

Internal circular migration has historically played an important role in the mobility patterns and assimilation of migrants in Western societies, with a particularly significant and persistent role in Spain during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This article analyses the determinants of this migration path during the Spanish rural exodus, focusing on a critical scenario: the Spanish tourism boom in the Balearic Islands. The results suggest that the tourism industry offered abundant low-skilled job opportunities with very low barriers to entry, rewarded with higher wages than in the regions of origin. Thus, the emerging tourism phenomenon represented a significant opportunity for those more penalised by the rural penalty, such as the very poor households of southern Spain from isolated districts. For these migrants, the findings suggest that the factors that increased the likelihood of engaging in circular migration were both ‘voluntary’, such as job and investment opportunities in the origin, and ‘involuntary’, linked to the seasonality of the host labour market, labour regulations and housing shortages. These constraints to permanent settlement were easier to overcome for those who could rely on migrant networks established in the pre-tourism era and had gendered consequences.

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1955-1973 年西班牙农村人口外流期间季节性循环移徙的决定因素
历史上,国内循环移徙在西方社会移民的流动模式和同化过程中发挥了重要作用,在十九世纪和二十世纪的西班牙尤为显著和持久。本文以西班牙巴利阿里群岛旅游业的繁荣这一关键情景为重点,分析了西班牙农村人口外流期间这种移民路径的决定因素。研究结果表明,旅游业提供了大量低技能工作机会,进入门槛极低,而且工资水平高于原籍地区。因此,新出现的旅游业现象为那些受到农村惩罚的人,如西班牙南部偏远地区的贫困家庭,提供了一个重要的机会。对这些移民而言,研究结果表明,增加循环移徙可能性的因素既有 "自愿 "因素,如原籍地的工作和投资机会,也有 "非自愿 "因素,如东道国劳动力市场的季节性、劳动法规和住房短缺。对于那些可以依靠前旅游时代建立的移民网络的人来说,这些永久定居的限制因素更容易克服,而且会产生性别后果。
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来源期刊
Cliometrica
Cliometrica Multiple-
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
18.80%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Cliometrica provides a leading forum for exchange of ideas and research in all facets, in all historical periods and in all geographical locations of historical economics. The journal encourages the methodological debate, the use of economic theory in general and model building in particular, the reliance upon quantification to buttress the models with historical data, the use of the more standard historical knowledge to broaden the understanding and suggesting new avenues of research, and the use of statistical theory and econometrics to combine models with data in a single consistent explanation. The highest standards of quality are promoted. All articles will be subject to Cliometrica''s peer review process. On occasion, specialised topics may be presented in a special issue. Officially cited as: Cliometrica
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