{"title":"Experimental Investigation for the Generation and Characterization of Plasma-Activated Water","authors":"Priti Pal;Udit Narayan Pal;Vishali Singh;Navin Kumar Sharma;Mahendra Singh;Alok Mishra;Shivendra Maurya;Ram Prakash Lamba","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3434412","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This article represents the generation of plasma-activated water (PAW) through a developed atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet source using air and powered by a short pulse power supply (7 kV/25 kHz/\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1~\\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n s). The water sample having high total dissolved solids (TDSs) is treated by inserting a 10 mm plasma jet into the water surface. The generated PAW is analyzed mainly by evaluating nitrate, nitrite, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), TDS, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH. The results clearly illustrate an increase in the concentration of nitrate, nitrite, and ORP for an increase in cold plasma treatment time from 3 to 15 min. The maximum nitrate concentration of 155 ppm has been obtained in the water (TDS ~1000 ppm) for 15 min of cold plasma treatment. The pH concentration of the generated PAW remains almost constant. The generated PAW has also been tested for its suitability in germination enhancement and plant growth. The results noticeably indicate higher germination rate, vigor index, length, and weight of root and shoot of seeds irrigated with PAW as compared to tap water. The fungal growth in PAW irrigated seed saplings is also negligible than that of tap water irrigated seeds in 15 days of continuous observation period. This study would be very useful for the design and development of PAW systems for water samples with high TDS for agriculture applications.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10624597/","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This article represents the generation of plasma-activated water (PAW) through a developed atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet source using air and powered by a short pulse power supply (7 kV/25 kHz/
$1~\mu $
s). The water sample having high total dissolved solids (TDSs) is treated by inserting a 10 mm plasma jet into the water surface. The generated PAW is analyzed mainly by evaluating nitrate, nitrite, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), TDS, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH. The results clearly illustrate an increase in the concentration of nitrate, nitrite, and ORP for an increase in cold plasma treatment time from 3 to 15 min. The maximum nitrate concentration of 155 ppm has been obtained in the water (TDS ~1000 ppm) for 15 min of cold plasma treatment. The pH concentration of the generated PAW remains almost constant. The generated PAW has also been tested for its suitability in germination enhancement and plant growth. The results noticeably indicate higher germination rate, vigor index, length, and weight of root and shoot of seeds irrigated with PAW as compared to tap water. The fungal growth in PAW irrigated seed saplings is also negligible than that of tap water irrigated seeds in 15 days of continuous observation period. This study would be very useful for the design and development of PAW systems for water samples with high TDS for agriculture applications.
期刊介绍:
The scope covers all aspects of the theory and application of plasma science. It includes the following areas: magnetohydrodynamics; thermionics and plasma diodes; basic plasma phenomena; gaseous electronics; microwave/plasma interaction; electron, ion, and plasma sources; space plasmas; intense electron and ion beams; laser-plasma interactions; plasma diagnostics; plasma chemistry and processing; solid-state plasmas; plasma heating; plasma for controlled fusion research; high energy density plasmas; industrial/commercial applications of plasma physics; plasma waves and instabilities; and high power microwave and submillimeter wave generation.