Extraction and characterization of Thespesia populnea leaf cellulose: a biomass to biomaterial conversion

Abstract

The research focuses on exploring the use of cellulose obtained from Thespesia populnea leaves as a strengthening component, in polymer composites. It delves into the characteristics and qualities of this cellulose material. The authors utilized an alkaline treatment method to break down the cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin complex found in Thespesia populnea leaves leading to the extraction of cellulose fibers. Various characterization techniques were applied to the extracted cellulose, such as UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and thermogravimetric analysis. The researchers examined how light interacts with cellulose noting an absorption band within the 250–300 nm wavelength range. XRD analysis revealed a crystallinity index of 73.7% for the cellulose material. FTIR analysis helped identify its groups while FESEM provided insights into the morphology of the cellulose fibers showing an average size of 6.37 μm. The cellulose from Thespesia populnea leaves is thermally stable up to a temperature of 248 °C evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis. The main goal was to assess Thespesia leaf celluloses’ suitability as a reinforcing material for polymer composites by understanding its properties and behavior for applications. The study suggests that this leaf-derived cellulose could be a reinforcement agent in polymer composites due to its characteristics. If this cellulose material is effectively integrated into composites, it could improve characteristics, decrease weight, and support the advancement of materials.