Comparative Assessment of hsCRP and Apolipoprotein B as ASCVD Risk Biomarkers

Abstract

Background/Synopsis

According to the American Heart Association, the accumulation of plaque in the walls of arteries is identified as the primary cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Currently, ASCVD-related conditions remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Apolipoprotein B has been identified as a more precise cardiovascular risk marker than LDL-C, while hsCRP has shown potential as a cardiovascular disease indicator. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic performance and routine screening cut-off of hsCRP for early atherosclerosis vascular diseases (ASCVD) risk in adult patients, comparing it with Apo B.

Objective/Purpose

To compare the diagnostic performance of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with apolipoprotein B in assessing ASCVD risk.

Methods

A sample of 494 individuals from the NHANES 2015-2016 laboratory dataset, with a mean age greater than 17 years, was used for this study. ASCVD risk was measured by non-HDL-C, categorized into low and high risk based on the Mayo Clinic reference range. Predictors included Apo B, and hs-CRP. Binomial logistic regression and ROC curve analyses were conducted using the generalised linear models and pROC packages in RStudio IDE. Hypotheses were validated at p≤0.05, and diagnostic performance metrics such as ROC AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were measured on a scale of 0-1.

Results

The findings revealed that for every 1g/L increase in apo B concentration, the odds of high ASCVD risk were approximately 3.8 × 1011 times higher. Additionally, the model indicated that the odds of high ASCVD risk were 1.03 times higher for every 1mg/L increase in hsCRP concentration. However, this indicate that hsCRP level was not associated with odds of ASCVD risk. The ROC AUC for apo B and hsCRP were approximately 0.9739 and 0.6165, respectively, with cut-off values (sensitivity, specificity) of approximately 0.9g/L (0.927, 0.897) and 2.4 mg/L (0.596, 0.601), respectively. Thus, levels above these thresholds for both apo B and hsCRP are associated with high ASCVD risk.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates that apo B exhibits high discriminatory and diagnostic accuracy, making it a suitable ASCVD risk biomarker compared to hsCRP. While hsCRP shows moderate diagnostic accuracy, it is not sufficient as a standalone ASCVD risk diagnostic marker. Therefore, apo B could serve as a replacement for LDL-C, while hsCRP could possibly serve as an add-on test in ASCVD risk assessment.