Dissolved Barium Causes Toxicity to Groundwater Cyclopoida.

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI:10.1002/etc.5956

Merrin S Adams, Kitty S McKnight, David M Spadaro, Monique T Binet, Grant C Hose, Stephen Fenton, Stuart L Simpson

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Abstract

Barium (Ba) dissolution and mobilization in groundwater are predominantly controlled by sulfate because of the low solubility of barium sulfate (BaSO₄) minerals. Naturally present at low concentrations in groundwater, elevated concentrations of Ba can occur as a result of anthropogenic activities, including use of barite in drill operations, and geogenic sources such as leaching from geological formations. No toxicity data exist for Ba with groundwater organisms (stygofauna) to assess the risk of elevated Ba concentrations. The present study measured Ba toxicity to two stygobiont Cyclopoida species: one collected from Wellington and the other from Somersby, New South Wales, Australia. Toxicity was measured as cyclopoid survival over 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in waters of varying sulfate concentration (<1-100 mg SO₄/L). When sulfate was present, dissolved Ba concentrations decreased rapidly in toxicity test solutions forming a BaSO₄ precipitate until dissolved sulfate was depleted. Barium in excess of sulfate remained in the dissolved form. The toxicity of Ba to cyclopoids was clearly attributed to dissolved Ba. Precipitated Ba was not toxic to the Wellington cyclopoid species. Toxicity values for dissolved Ba for the Wellington and Somersby cyclopoid species included a (21-day) no-effect concentration of 3.3 mg/L and an effective concentration to cause 5% mortality of 4.8 mg/L (at 21 days). Elevated dissolved Ba concentrations due to anthropogenic and/or biogeochemical processes may pose a risk to groundwater organisms. Further toxicity testing with other stygobiont species is recommended to increase the data available to derive a guideline value for Ba that can be used in contaminant risk assessments for groundwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-14. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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溶解的钡对地下水中的旋毛虫造成毒性。

由于硫酸钡（BaSO4）矿物的溶解度低，地下水中钡（Ba）的溶解和移动主要受硫酸盐控制。钡在地下水中的天然浓度较低，但人为活动（包括在钻井作业中使用重晶石）和地质构造沥滤等地质来源会导致钡浓度升高。目前还没有钡对地下水生物（水蚤）的毒性数据来评估钡浓度升高的风险。本研究测量了钡对两种风格类动物 Cyclopoida 的毒性：一种采集自惠灵顿，另一种采集自澳大利亚新南威尔士州萨默斯比。在不同硫酸盐浓度（4/L）的水域中，毒性的测量结果为环口藻在 2、4、7、14、21 和 28 天内的存活率。当存在硫酸盐时，毒性测试溶液中的溶解钡浓度迅速下降，形成 BaSO4 沉淀，直到溶解硫酸盐耗尽为止。硫酸盐过量时，钡仍以溶解形式存在。钡对环藻的毒性显然是由溶解的钡引起的。沉淀的钡对惠灵顿剑水蚤没有毒性。惠灵顿和萨默斯比环口藻类的溶解钡毒性值包括（21 天）无效应浓度 3.3 毫克/升和导致 5% 死亡的有效浓度 4.8 毫克/升（21 天）。人为和/或生物地球化学过程导致的溶解钡浓度升高可能会对地下水生物造成危害。建议对其他苯并藻类进行进一步的毒性测试，以获得更多数据，从而得出可用于地下水污染物风险评估的钡指导值。环境毒物化学 2024;00:1-14。© 2024 The Author(s).环境毒理学与化学》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。

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来源期刊

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.

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