Alcohol, flexible behavior, and the prefrontal cortex: Functional changes underlying impaired cognitive flexibility

IF 4.6 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Neuropharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110114
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Abstract

Cognitive flexibility enables individuals to alter their behavior in response to changing environmental demands, facilitating optimal behavior in a dynamic world. The inability to do this, called behavioral inflexibility, is a pervasive behavioral phenotype in alcohol use disorder (AUD), driven by disruptions in cognitive flexibility. Research has repeatedly shown that behavioral inflexibility not only results from alcohol exposure across species but can itself be predictive of future drinking. Like many high-level executive functions, flexible behavior requires healthy functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The scope of this review addresses two primary themes: first, we outline tasks that have been used to investigate flexibility in the context of AUD or AUD models. We characterize these based on the task features and underlying cognitive processes that differentiate them from one another. We highlight the neural basis of flexibility measures, focusing on the PFC, and how acute or chronic alcohol in humans and non-human animal models impacts flexibility. Second, we consolidate findings on the molecular, physiological and functional changes in the PFC elicited by alcohol, that may contribute to cognitive flexibility deficits seen in AUD. Collectively, this approach identifies several key avenues for future research that will facilitate effective treatments to promote flexible behavior in the context of AUD, to reduce the risk of alcohol related harm, and to improve outcomes following AUD.

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酒精、灵活行为和前额叶皮层:认知灵活性受损背后的功能变化。
认知灵活性使个体能够根据不断变化的环境需求改变自己的行为,从而在动态世界中实现最佳行为。无法做到这一点,即所谓的行为缺乏灵活性,是酒精使用障碍(AUD)中普遍存在的行为表型,其驱动因素是认知灵活性的破坏。研究一再表明,行为缺乏灵活性不仅是跨物种酒精暴露的结果,其本身还能预测未来的饮酒情况。与许多高级执行功能一样,灵活的行为需要前额叶皮质(PFC)的健康运作。本综述涉及两个主要主题:首先,我们概述了在 AUD 或 AUD 模型中用于研究灵活性的任务。我们根据这些任务的特征以及区别于其他任务的基本认知过程来描述这些任务。我们强调了灵活性测量的神经基础,重点是前脑功能区,以及人类和非人类动物模型的急性或慢性酒精如何影响灵活性。其次,我们整合了有关酒精引起的前脑功能区分子、生理和功能变化的研究成果,这些变化可能会导致 AUD 中出现的认知灵活性缺陷。总之,这种方法为今后的研究确定了几条关键途径,有助于采取有效的治疗方法,促进 AUD 患者的灵活行为,降低酒精相关伤害的风险,并改善 AUD 后的治疗效果。
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来源期刊
Neuropharmacology
Neuropharmacology 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
10.00
自引率
4.30%
发文量
288
审稿时长
45 days
期刊介绍: Neuropharmacology publishes high quality, original research and review articles within the discipline of neuroscience, especially articles with a neuropharmacological component. However, papers within any area of neuroscience will be considered. The journal does not usually accept clinical research, although preclinical neuropharmacological studies in humans may be considered. The journal only considers submissions in which the chemical structures and compositions of experimental agents are readily available in the literature or disclosed by the authors in the submitted manuscript. Only in exceptional circumstances will natural products be considered, and then only if the preparation is well defined by scientific means. Neuropharmacology publishes articles of any length (original research and reviews).
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