{"title":"Neuroprotective actions of norepinephrine in neurological diseases.","authors":"Maedeh Ghasemi, Nasrin Mehranfard","doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02999-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precise control of norepinephrine (NE) levels and NE-receptor interaction is crucial for proper function of the brain. Much evidence for this view comes from experimental studies that indicate an important role for NE in the pathophysiology and treatment of various conditions, including cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and sleep disorders. NE provides neuroprotection against several types of insults in multiple ways. It abrogates oxidative stress, attenuates neuroinflammatory responses in neurons and glial cells, reduces neuronal and glial cell activity, promotes autophagy, and ameliorates apoptotic responses to a variety of insults. It is beneficial for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases because it improves the generation of neurotrophic factors, promotes neuronal survival, and plays an important role in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. This review aims to present the evidence supporting a principal role for NE in neuroprotection, and molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19954,"journal":{"name":"Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-024-02999-w","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/8/13 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Precise control of norepinephrine (NE) levels and NE-receptor interaction is crucial for proper function of the brain. Much evidence for this view comes from experimental studies that indicate an important role for NE in the pathophysiology and treatment of various conditions, including cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and sleep disorders. NE provides neuroprotection against several types of insults in multiple ways. It abrogates oxidative stress, attenuates neuroinflammatory responses in neurons and glial cells, reduces neuronal and glial cell activity, promotes autophagy, and ameliorates apoptotic responses to a variety of insults. It is beneficial for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases because it improves the generation of neurotrophic factors, promotes neuronal survival, and plays an important role in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. This review aims to present the evidence supporting a principal role for NE in neuroprotection, and molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection.
精确控制去甲肾上腺素（NE）的水平和 NE 受体之间的相互作用对大脑的正常功能至关重要。实验研究表明，NE 在认知功能障碍、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、多发性硬化症和睡眠障碍等各种疾病的病理生理学和治疗中发挥着重要作用。NE 可通过多种方式保护神经免受多种类型的损伤。它能消除氧化应激，减轻神经元和神经胶质细胞的神经炎症反应，降低神经元和神经胶质细胞的活性，促进自噬，并改善对各种损伤的凋亡反应。它有利于治疗神经退行性疾病，因为它能改善神经营养因子的生成，促进神经元存活，并在成人神经发生的调节中发挥重要作用。本综述旨在介绍支持 NE 在神经保护中发挥主要作用的证据以及神经保护的分子机制。
期刊介绍：
Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology publishes those results of original research that are seen as advancing the physiological sciences, especially those providing mechanistic insights into physiological functions at the molecular and cellular level, and clearly conveying a physiological message. Submissions are encouraged that deal with the evaluation of molecular and cellular mechanisms of disease, ideally resulting in translational research. Purely descriptive papers covering applied physiology or clinical papers will be excluded. Papers on methodological topics will be considered if they contribute to the development of novel tools for further investigation of (patho)physiological mechanisms.
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