Occurrence of biofilm forming Escherichia coli in drinking water supply system in Kathmandu.

IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Water Environment Research Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI:10.1002/wer.11096
Saraswati Gaihre, Kamil Prajapati, Sujata Dhungel, Prabin Dawadi, Dev Raj Joshi, Tista Prasai Joshi
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Abstract

Biofilm development in gram negative bacterial contaminants in water supply systems is linked to persistence as well as antibiotic resistance, which threatens water quality and hence the public health. This study aimed to investigate phenotypic and genetic capacity of biofilm formation by Escherichia coli isolated from supply water with their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Altogether fifty water samples collected from a city supply water distribution scheme in Kathmandu were analyzed to assess the physicochemical and microbiological quality. Comparing Nepal's national drinking water quality standards 2022, conductivity (4%), turbidity (18%), iron (28%), and residual chlorine (8%) were found exceeding the values above the standards. Among total, 40% of water samples were contaminated with total coliform bacteria. E. coli and Citrobacter species were dominant and isolated from 20 (64.52%) and 11 (35.48%) water samples, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin (20%), nitrofurantoin (10%), and cefotaxime (10%). Citrobacter spp. (54.54%) were found multidrug resistant (MDR) while none of the isolates of E. coli were MDR. Of total, 45% of the isolates developed biofilm while testing with the Microtiter plate method. Biofilm-forming genes bcsA and csgD in E. coli isolates were detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) employing specific primers. bcsA and csgD genes were detected in 55% and 45% of the isolates, respectively. This study confirms the occurrences of biofilm forming and antibiotic resistant bacteria like E. coli in the drinking water supply system in Kathmandu alarming its environmental circulation and possible public health threat. Although further study is warranted, this study suggests public health and drinking water treatment interventions to mitigate the biofilm forming antibiotic resistant potential pathogens from supply water in Kathmandu, Nepal. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Forty percent of tested drinking water samples in Kathmandu were contaminated with total coliform bacteria. E. coli and half of Citrobacter spp. isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. bcsA and csgD genes were detected in biofilm producing E.coli isolates.

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加德满都饮用水供应系统中形成生物膜的大肠埃希氏菌。
供水系统中革兰氏阴性细菌污染物生物膜的形成与持久性和抗生素耐药性有关,威胁着水质,进而威胁着公众健康。本研究旨在调查从自来水中分离的大肠埃希菌形成生物膜的表型和遗传能力及其抗生素敏感性模式。研究分析了从加德满都城市供水系统中采集的 50 份水样,以评估其理化和微生物质量。与尼泊尔国家饮用水质量标准 2022 相比,发现电导率(4%)、浑浊度(18%)、铁(28%)和余氯(8%)均超标。其中,40% 的水样受到总大肠菌群的污染。大肠杆菌和枸橼酸杆菌是主要细菌,分别从 20 个(64.52%)和 11 个(35.48%)水样中分离出来。抗生素敏感性测试显示,大肠杆菌对氨苄西林(20%)、硝基呋喃妥因(10%)和头孢噻肟(10%)有抗药性。枸橼酸杆菌属(54.54%)对多种药物具有耐药性(MDR),而分离出的大肠杆菌无耐药性。用微孔板法检测时,45% 的分离物形成了生物膜。大肠杆菌分离物中的生物膜形成基因 bcsA 和 csgD 是用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和特定引物检测出来的。这项研究证实,加德满都饮用水供应系统中存在大肠杆菌等形成生物膜并具有抗生素耐药性的细菌,这给环境循环和可能的公共健康威胁敲响了警钟。尽管还需要进一步研究,但本研究建议采取公共卫生和饮用水处理干预措施,以减少尼泊尔加德满都饮用水中的生物膜形成和抗生素耐药性潜在病原体。实践点:加德满都 40% 的饮用水样本受到总大肠菌群的污染。在产生生物膜的大肠杆菌分离物中检测到 bcsA 和 csgD 基因。
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来源期刊
Water Environment Research
Water Environment Research 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
138
审稿时长
11 months
期刊介绍: Published since 1928, Water Environment Research (WER) is an international multidisciplinary water resource management journal for the dissemination of fundamental and applied research in all scientific and technical areas related to water quality and resource recovery. WER''s goal is to foster communication and interdisciplinary research between water sciences and related fields such as environmental toxicology, agriculture, public and occupational health, microbiology, and ecology. In addition to original research articles, short communications, case studies, reviews, and perspectives are encouraged.
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