Alzheimer's Disease Risk Reduction Health Coaching: Comparative Analysis.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Recent guidelines point to lifestyle as a tool for decreasing Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. To address the limited practice and availability of AD risk reduction interventions, this study aimed to explore the feasibility of a community-level lifestyle intervention targeting high-risk groups.

Research design and methods: Diverse older adults (60+) living in the Richmond, VA, local area, with the following risk factors, incomes below $12,000/year and managing diabetes or cardiovascular disease, were offered weekly lifestyle telephone health coaching for 12 weeks in 2019-2020 (intervention group). The health coaching sessions provided Alzheimer's disease (AD) lifestyle risk reduction education and goal setting/planning. The intervention sample (n = 40, mean age 68 years (range: 60-76 years), was 90% African American/Black (n = 36) and 45% male (n = 18). Thereafter, in 2021-2022, n = 37 individuals in the same area were recruited as a comparison group and not given health coaching (control group), mean age of 65.5 years (range: 57-83 years), 92% African American/Black (n = 34), and 50% male (n = 18).

Results: Repeated-measures intervention effects were seen for cognitive ability, indicating greater improvement in the intervention group (p < .01). Significant difference scores indicated greater cognitive ability (p < .01) and physical activity (p < .001) gains in the intervention group, with intervention subjects with reported memory problems showed relatively less physical activity gains (p < .05).

Discussion and implications: This work creates the impetus for future large-scale AD risk reduction investigations to mitigate and improve modifiable risk among diverse older adults. Our positive trends in AD risk reduction support telephone-based health coaching as a feasible AD risk reduction intervention.