Storm surge in Spain: Factors and effects on the coast

IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Marine Geology Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI:10.1016/j.margeo.2024.107373
Ignacio Toledo , José Ignacio Pagán , Isabel López , Jorge Olcina , Luis Aragonés
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Abstract

Storm surge is a fundamental process to understanding the behaviour of sea level. This variable, which depends on atmospheric pressure and wind action, has been widely documented. However, few studies quantify these relationships for various geographic areas. This study analyses the most influential factors in the variation of storm surges at several points on the Spanish coast. The results show that the event duration and the regional geographic factor are very relevant in the correlation of storm surge with pressure drop, so assigning a single value as has been commonly done, typically 1 cm/hPa, is an error. The Mediterranean Sea experiences a greater sensitivity to the atmospheric pressure drop than the Atlantic Ocean, with sea level rise of up to 2 or 3 cm/hPa for a storm surge event below 40 h, compared to those of 1.5 cm/hPa for the Atlantic Ocean. Additionally, higher wind speeds intensify storm surge, whether it results in positive or negative superelevation. However, the storm surge does not always increase when the wind blows towards the coast but also depends on the location of the water masses and the continent. Finally, there is no perception of a growing trend of storm surges in the context of climate change in a general way. A precise knowledge of these elements will help all those agents involved in coastal protection to define more accurate alert levels, enhancing safety along the waterfront.

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西班牙的风暴潮:因素及对海岸的影响
风暴潮是了解海平面变化的一个基本过程。这一变量取决于大气压力和风的作用,已被广泛记录。然而,很少有研究对不同地理区域的这些关系进行量化。本研究分析了西班牙海岸多处风暴潮变化中最具影响力的因素。结果表明,事件持续时间和区域地理因素与风暴潮与气压下降的相关性密切相关,因此像通常所做的那样指定一个单一值(通常为 1 厘米/hPa)是错误的。与大西洋相比,地中海对大气压降的敏感度更高,40 h 以下的风暴潮事件海平面上升可达 2 或 3 cm/hPa,而大西洋为 1.5 cm/hPa。此外,较高的风速会加剧风暴潮,无论是正向还是负向的超高。不过,风暴潮并不总是在风吹向海岸时才会增加,还取决于水团和大陆的位置。最后,从总体上看,在气候变化的背景下,风暴潮没有增长的趋势。对这些因素的准确了解将有助于所有参与海岸保护的人员确定更准确的警戒级别,从而加强海滨的安全。
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来源期刊
Marine Geology
Marine Geology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
6.90%
发文量
175
审稿时长
21.9 weeks
期刊介绍: Marine Geology is the premier international journal on marine geological processes in the broadest sense. We seek papers that are comprehensive, interdisciplinary and synthetic that will be lasting contributions to the field. Although most papers are based on regional studies, they must demonstrate new findings of international significance. We accept papers on subjects as diverse as seafloor hydrothermal systems, beach dynamics, early diagenesis, microbiological studies in sediments, palaeoclimate studies and geophysical studies of the seabed. We encourage papers that address emerging new fields, for example the influence of anthropogenic processes on coastal/marine geology and coastal/marine geoarchaeology. We insist that the papers are concerned with the marine realm and that they deal with geology: with rocks, sediments, and physical and chemical processes affecting them. Papers should address scientific hypotheses: highly descriptive data compilations or papers that deal only with marine management and risk assessment should be submitted to other journals. Papers on laboratory or modelling studies must demonstrate direct relevance to marine processes or deposits. The primary criteria for acceptance of papers is that the science is of high quality, novel, significant, and of broad international interest.
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