Study of noise in virtual distillation circuits for quantum error mitigation

IF 5.1 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Quantum Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI:10.22331/q-2024-08-14-1441
Pontus Vikstål, Giulia Ferrini, Shruti Puri
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Abstract

Virtual distillation has been proposed as an error mitigation protocol for estimating the expectation values of observables in quantum algorithms. It proceeds by creating a cyclic permutation of $M$ noisy copies of a quantum state using a sequence of controlled-swap gates. If the noise does not shift the dominant eigenvector of the density operator away from the ideal state, then the error in expectation-value estimation can be exponentially reduced with $M$. In practice, subsequent error mitigation techniques are required to suppress the effect of noise in the cyclic permutation circuit itself, leading to increased experimental complexity. Here, we perform a careful analysis of the effect of uncorrelated, identical noise in the cyclic permutation circuit and find that the estimation of expectation value of observables are robust against dephasing noise. We support the analytical result with numerical simulations and find that $67\%$ of errors are reduced for $M=2$, with physical dephasing error probabilities as high as $10\%$. Our results imply that a broad class of quantum algorithms can be implemented with higher accuracy in the near-term with qubit platforms where non-dephasing errors are suppressed, such as superconducting bosonic qubits and Rydberg atoms.
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研究虚拟蒸馏电路中的噪声以减少量子错误
虚拟蒸馏是一种用于估算量子算法中观测值期望值的错误缓解协议。其方法是利用一系列受控交换门创建量子态的 $M$ 噪音副本的循环排列。如果噪声不会使密度算子的主特征向量偏离理想状态,那么期望值估计的误差就会随着 $M$ 的增加而呈指数减少。实际上,后续的误差缓解技术需要抑制循环置换电路本身的噪声影响,从而导致实验复杂度增加。在这里,我们对循环置换电路中不相关的相同噪声的影响进行了仔细分析,发现观测值的期望值估计对去相噪声具有鲁棒性。我们用数值模拟来支持这一分析结果,发现在 $M=2$ 时,误差减少了 $67\%$,而物理消隐误差概率高达 $10\%$。我们的结果表明,在短期内可以通过抑制非去相干误差的量子比特平台(如超导玻色子量子比特和雷德堡原子),以更高的精度实现各种量子算法。
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来源期刊
Quantum
Quantum Physics and Astronomy-Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
10.90%
发文量
241
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Quantum is an open-access peer-reviewed journal for quantum science and related fields. Quantum is non-profit and community-run: an effort by researchers and for researchers to make science more open and publishing more transparent and efficient.
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