Annelid Comparative Genomics and the Evolution of Massive Lineage-Specific Genome Rearrangement in Bilaterians.

IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Molecular biology and evolution Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI:10.1093/molbev/msae172
Thomas D Lewin, Isabel Jiah-Yih Liao, Yi-Jyun Luo
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Abstract

The organization of genomes into chromosomes is critical for processes such as genetic recombination, environmental adaptation, and speciation. All animals with bilateral symmetry inherited a genome structure from their last common ancestor that has been highly conserved in some taxa but seemingly unconstrained in others. However, the evolutionary forces driving these differences and the processes by which they emerge have remained largely uncharacterized. Here, we analyze genome organization across the phylum Annelida using 23 chromosome-level annelid genomes. We find that while many annelid lineages have maintained the conserved bilaterian genome structure, the Clitellata, a group containing leeches and earthworms, possesses completely scrambled genomes. We develop a rearrangement index to quantify the extent of genome structure evolution and show that, compared to the last common ancestor of bilaterians, leeches and earthworms have among the most highly rearranged genomes of any currently sampled species. We further show that bilaterian genomes can be classified into two distinct categories-high and low rearrangement-largely influenced by the presence or absence, respectively, of chromosome fission events. Our findings demonstrate that animal genome structure can be highly variable within a phylum and reveal that genome rearrangement can occur both in a gradual, stepwise fashion, or rapid, all-encompassing changes over short evolutionary timescales.

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有尾目动物比较基因组学与双齿纲动物大规模特定世系基因组重排的进化。
将基因组组织成染色体对于基因重组、环境适应和物种分化等过程至关重要。所有具有两侧对称性的动物都从它们最后的共同祖先那里继承了一种基因组结构,这种结构在某些类群中高度保守,但在其他类群中似乎不受制约。然而,驱动这些差异的进化力量及其产生过程在很大程度上仍未得到描述。在这里,我们利用 23 个染色体级的环带动物基因组分析了整个环带动物门的基因组组织。我们发现,虽然许多环节动物品系都保持了保守的双子座基因组结构,但包括水蛭和蚯蚓在内的环节动物类群(Clitellata)却拥有完全混乱的基因组。我们开发了一种重排指数来量化基因组结构进化的程度,结果表明,与双翅目动物的最后一个共同祖先相比,水蛭和蚯蚓的基因组是目前采样物种中重排程度最高的。我们进一步表明,两栖动物的基因组可分为高重排和低重排两个不同的类别,这在很大程度上分别受到染色体裂变事件存在与否的影响。我们的研究结果表明,动物基因组结构在一个门类内可以有很大的差异,并揭示了基因组重排既可以以渐进、逐步的方式发生,也可以在很短的进化时间尺度内发生快速、全面的变化。
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来源期刊
Molecular biology and evolution
Molecular biology and evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
19.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
257
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Biology and Evolution Journal Overview: Publishes research at the interface of molecular (including genomics) and evolutionary biology Considers manuscripts containing patterns, processes, and predictions at all levels of organization: population, taxonomic, functional, and phenotypic Interested in fundamental discoveries, new and improved methods, resources, technologies, and theories advancing evolutionary research Publishes balanced reviews of recent developments in genome evolution and forward-looking perspectives suggesting future directions in molecular evolution applications.
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