Intranasal atomized dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with ketamine or midazolam to sedate healthy dogs

IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Veterinary journal Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI:10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106224
Majid Jafarbeglou , Mehdi Marjani , Reza Bakhshi-Khanghah , Mohammadreza Paryani , Mohammadreza Oghbaei
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Abstract

A prospective, randomized, blinded experiment was conducted to compare the effects of intranasal (IN) dexmedetomidine (Dex, 10 µg/kg; n=12) alone or combined with midazolam (DexM, 0.3 mg/kg; n=12) or ketamine (DexK, 2 mg/kg; n=12) in healthy dogs. Ease of administration (EA1), total administration time (TAT), time for first (TA1) and second nostril administration (TA2), and adverse events during atomization were recorded. Two days later, EA2 was assessed by IN atomization of injectable water as an additional outcome variable. Onset of sedation was evaluated, along with behavioral scores and physiological parameters from T0 (baseline) to T120. Statistical analyses included Chi-square, one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis, repeated measures or Friedman’s ANOVA, and Wilcoxon’s tests. Significance was p≤0.05.

Onset of sedation was 12.9 ± 4.1, 18.2 ± 7.5, and 9.9 ± 4.3 mins (mean ± SD) for Dex, DexM, and DexK, respectively. Onset was shorter in DexK compared to DexM (p=0.002), explaining the lower behavioral scores in DexM at T15. All dogs in Dex and DexK reached adequate sedation, with peak sedation occurring at T30, while some dogs in DexM never reached adequate sedation and this group peaked at T45. Adverse events such as saliva drooling and pawing at the nose were significantly higher in DexM and DexK, explaining their differences in TA2, TAT, and EA1 comparing to Dex. EA2 was also higher in Dex compared to DexM and DexK. In conclusion, Dex was better tolerated in dogs and DexK showed faster and more profound sedative effects. Due to paradoxical excitement, unpredictable sedation, and nasal irritation, DexM is not recommended.

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鼻内雾化右美托咪定单独使用或与氯胺酮或咪达唑仑联合使用,对健康犬进行镇静。
我们进行了一项前瞻性、随机、盲法实验,比较在健康狗体内单独或与咪达唑仑(DexM,0.3毫克/千克;12只;12只)或氯胺酮(DexK,2毫克/千克;12只)联合使用鼻内注射(IN)右美托咪定(Dex,10微克/千克;12只)的效果。记录给药难易程度(EA1)、总给药时间(TAT)、第一次(TA1)和第二次鼻孔给药时间(TA2)以及雾化过程中的不良反应。两天后,通过 IN 雾化注射用水评估 EA2,作为额外的结果变量。从T0(基线)到T120,对镇静开始时间以及行为评分和生理参数进行了评估。统计分析包括Chi-square、单因素方差分析或Kruskal-Wallis、重复测量或Friedman方差分析以及Wilcoxon检验。显著性为 p≤0.05。Dex、DexM和DexK的镇静起始时间分别为12.9±4.1、18.2±7.5和9.9±4.3分钟(平均值±标度)。与 DexM 相比,DexK 的起始时间更短(p=0.002),这也是 DexM 在 T15 时行为评分更低的原因。所有使用 Dex 和 DexK 的狗都达到了充分镇静,镇静峰值出现在 T30,而一些使用 DexM 的狗从未达到充分镇静,该组狗的镇静峰值出现在 T45。DexM 和 DexK 的不良反应(如流口水和用爪子抓鼻子)明显高于 DexM 和 DexK,这也解释了它们与 Dex 相比在 TA2、TAT 和 EA1 方面的差异。与 DexM 和 DexK 相比,Dex 的 EA2 也更高。总之,狗对地塞米松的耐受性更好,而地塞米松的镇静效果更快、更深远。由于存在矛盾性兴奋、不可预测的镇静效果和鼻腔刺激,因此不推荐使用 DexM。
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来源期刊
Veterinary journal
Veterinary journal 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
4.50%
发文量
79
审稿时长
40 days
期刊介绍: The Veterinary Journal (established 1875) publishes worldwide contributions on all aspects of veterinary science and its related subjects. It provides regular book reviews and a short communications section. The journal regularly commissions topical reviews and commentaries on features of major importance. Research areas include infectious diseases, applied biochemistry, parasitology, endocrinology, microbiology, immunology, pathology, pharmacology, physiology, molecular biology, immunogenetics, surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology and oncology.
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