Removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from Malaysian palm oil mill effluent (POME) using optimized operating parameters of peat soil as natural adsorbent

Md. Arif Hossen , Nurashikin Yaacof , Fariha Najwa Azahar , Noraziah Ahmad , Azrina Abd Aziz
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Abstract

Nowadays, the use of natural absorbents to remove pollutants from POME has gained remarkable attention. The main objective of this study is to investigate the suitability and performance of modified peat soil as an adsorbent for the removal of NH3-N from POME. The chemical activation method was performed using readily available NaOH for the first time to improve the adsorption performance of naturally available low-cost peat soil. The physical properties of raw and modified peat soil were determined using water-holding capacity, moisture content, bulk density, porosity, and BET surface area. The adsorbents were also characterized by SEM and FTIR to investigate surface morphology and chemical composition. To optimize the experimental parameters namely adsorbent dosage, agitation rate, and contact time for removal of NH3-N from POME, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in this study with two different activation ratios. Substantial improvement of physical properties was attained after the modification of raw peat soil. The SEM images of modified peat soil showed a more porous space structure with larger voids while the FT-IR demonstrated the distinctive functional groups in the raw and modified peat soil. At optimized conditions of 5.71 g/L adsorbent dosage, 50 rpm agitation rate, and 38.96 min contact time predicted removal efficiency of NH3-N has been revealed 64.06 and 58.74 % at 1:20 and 1:30 activation ratios, respectively. The experimental investigation using optimized parameters showed 69.12 ± 2.5 and 61.57 ± 4.3 % removal of NH3-N. The experimental and predicted results showed good agreement. The rapid removal of NH3-N (69.1 % within 39 min) was achieved by chemically modified peat soil in this study compared to previously reported studies. Nevertheless, the raw and modified peat soil showed good stability up to three cycles of reusability.

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利用泥炭土作为天然吸附剂的优化操作参数去除马来西亚棕榈油厂污水(POME)中的氨氮
如今,利用天然吸附剂去除 POME 中的污染物已受到广泛关注。本研究的主要目的是研究改良泥炭土作为吸附剂去除 POME 中 NH3-N 的适用性和性能。本研究首次采用了化学活化法,使用现成的 NaOH 来改善天然低成本泥炭土的吸附性能。利用持水量、含水量、容重、孔隙度和 BET 表面积测定了原泥炭土和改良泥炭土的物理性质。此外,还利用扫描电镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱对吸附剂进行了表征,以研究其表面形态和化学成分。为了优化实验参数,即吸附剂用量、搅拌速率和接触时间,以去除 POME 中的 NH3-N,本研究采用了响应面方法(RSM),并使用了两种不同的活化比。对原始泥炭土进行改良后,其物理性质得到了显著改善。改性泥炭土的扫描电子显微镜图像显示其空间结构更加多孔,空隙更大,而傅立叶变换红外光谱则显示了原泥炭土和改性泥炭土中不同的官能团。在吸附剂用量为 5.71 g/L、搅拌速率为 50 rpm、接触时间为 38.96 min 的优化条件下,当活化比为 1:20 和 1:30 时,NH3-N 的预测去除率分别为 64.06% 和 58.74%。使用优化参数进行的实验研究表明,NH3-N 的去除率分别为 69.12 ± 2.5 % 和 61.57 ± 4.3 %。实验结果和预测结果显示出良好的一致性。与之前的研究相比,本研究中化学改性泥炭土实现了快速去除 NH3-N(39 分钟内去除 69.1%)。尽管如此,原始泥炭土和改良泥炭土在三个重复使用周期内都表现出良好的稳定性。
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