Revisiting the molecular mechanisms of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) actions on metabolism

Abstract

Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound that functions as a metabolic regulator and an antioxidant, among other beneficial properties. Its favorable impacts on metabolism have served as the basis for its use in management of diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. This review aims to elucidate the role of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in modulating metabolic processes through its effects on the Insulin/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and hypothalamic AMPK. ALA, with its documented potent antioxidant properties, has been shown to enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, a crucial signaling pathway for cellular glucose metabolism. Additionally, ALA influences energy homeostasis and fatty acid oxidation via the activation of AMPK. In the hypothalamus, ALA-mediated activation of AMPK plays a significant role in appetite regulation and energy expenditure, with an overall effect on metabolism. This review synthesizes and analyzes current research on ALA's multifaceted actions, focusing on its effects on metabolism and highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders.